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Autoregressive Models (ARMs) have long dominated the landscape of Large Language Models. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged in the form of diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs), which generate text by iteratively denoising masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Yaojie Zhang , Junjie Chen , Chang Zou , Qingyuan Wei , Shaobo Wang , Linfeng Zhang

Emerging intelligent service scenarios in 6G communication impose stringent requirements for low latency, high reliability, and privacy preservation. Generative large language models (LLMs) are gradually becoming key enablers for the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Pengyan Zhu , Tingting Yang

The rapid expansion of context window sizes in Large Language Models~(LLMs) has enabled them to tackle increasingly complex tasks involving lengthy documents. However, this progress comes at the cost of a substantial increase in memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Da Ma , Lu Chen , Situo Zhang , Yuxun Miao , Su Zhu , Zhi Chen , Hongshen Xu , Hanqi Li , Shuai Fan , Lei Pan , Kai Yu

In long-context Large Language Model (LLM) inference, the Time-To-First-Token (TTFT) latency incurred by the prefill stage has become the foremost bottleneck limiting interactive performance and deployment cost. KV Cache reuse offers a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Fei li , Song Liu , Yan Liu , Jinhua Cui , Shiqiang Nie , Jinyu Wang , Weiguo Wu

Embodied AI agents increasingly require parallel execution of multiple tasks, such as manipulation, conversation, and memory construction, from shared observations under distinct time constraints. Recent Mixture-of-Transformers (MoT)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiangyu Li , Huaizhi Tang , Xin Ding , Weijun Wang , Ting Cao , Yunxin Liu

KV cache restoration has emerged as a dominant bottleneck in serving long-context LLM workloads, including multi-turn conversations, retrieval-augmented generation, and agentic pipelines. Existing approaches treat restoration as a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sean Nian , Jiahao Fang , Qilong Feng , Zhiyu Wu , Fan Lai

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit pronounced memory-bound characteristics during inference due to High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) bandwidth constraints. In this paper, we propose an L2 Cache-oriented asynchronous KV Cache prefetching method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yanhao Dong , Yubo Miao , Weinan Li , Xiao Zheng , Chao Wang , Jiesheng Wu , Feng Lyu

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a promising parallel generation paradigm but suffer from slow inference due to numerous refinement steps and the inability to use standard KV caching. We introduce CDLM (Consistency Diffusion Language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Minseo Kim , Chenfeng Xu , Coleman Hooper , Harman Singh , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Multi-agent LLM applications organize execution in synchronized rounds where a central scheduler gathers outputs from all agents and redistributes the combined context. This All-Gather communication pattern creates massive KV Cache…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhuohang Bian , Feiyang Wu , Chengrui Zhang , Hangcheng Dong , Yun Liang , Youwei Zhuo

The past few years has witnessed specialized large language model (LLM) inference systems, such as vLLM, SGLang, Mooncake, and DeepFlow, alongside rapid LLM adoption via services like ChatGPT. Driving these system design efforts is the…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-30 James Pan , Guoliang Li

Solving increasingly complex problems with large language models (LLMs) necessitates a move beyond individual models and towards multi-model systems that can effectively collaborate. While text has traditionally served as the medium for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Lucio M. Dery , Zohar Yahav , Henry Prior , Qixuan Feng , Jiajun Shen , Arthur Szlam

In Text-to-SQL tasks, existing LLM-based methods often include extensive database schemas in prompts, leading to long context lengths and increased prefilling latency. While user queries typically focus on recurrent table sets-offering an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jinbo Su , Yuxuan Hu , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jia Li , Lintao Ma , Jing Zhang

Prefix-sharing among multiple prompts presents opportunities to combine the operations of the shared prefix, while attention computation in the decode stage, which becomes a critical bottleneck with increasing context lengths, is a…

Diffusion language models offer parallel token generation and inherent bidirectionality, promising more efficient and powerful sequence modeling compared to autoregressive approaches. However, state-of-the-art diffusion models (e.g., Dream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zhanqiu Hu , Jian Meng , Yash Akhauri , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Jae-sun Seo , Zhiru Zhang , Udit Gupta

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance across various natural language processing tasks. Serving LLM inference for generating long contents, however, poses a challenge due to the enormous memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Wonbeom Lee , Jungi Lee , Junghwan Seo , Jaewoong Sim

Long-running agentic tasks, such as deep research, require multi-hop reasoning over information distributed across multiple webpages and documents. In such tasks, the LLM context is dominated by tokens from external retrieval, causing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sanjay Kariyappa , G. Edward Suh

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in numerous applications requiring robust long-range capabilities, essential for processing extensive input contexts and continuously generating extended outputs. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Dachuan Shi , Yonggan Fu , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhongzhi Yu , Haoran You , Sixu Li , Xin Dong , Jan Kautz , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan , Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) confront significant memory challenges due to the escalating KV cache with increasing sequence length. As a crucial technique, existing cross-layer KV cache sharing methods either necessitate modified model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yixuan Wang , Haoyu Qiao , Lujun Li , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in processing long contexts, enabling them to tackle tasks involving long textual inputs such as multi-turn conversations, legal documents, or retrieved documents in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yuechi Zhou , Yi Su , Jianxin Zhang , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Zhefeng Wang , Xinyu Duan , Baoxing Huai

Large language model (LLM) inference serving systems are essential to various LLM-based applications. As demand for LLM services continues to grow, scaling these systems to handle high request rates while meeting latency Service-Level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shihong Gao , Xin Zhang , Yanyan Shen , Lei Chen