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Safety is one of the most crucial challenges of autonomous driving vehicles, and one solution to guarantee safety is to employ an additional control revision module after the planning backbone. Control Barrier Function (CBF) has been widely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zehang Zhu , Yuning Wang , Tianqi Ke , Zeyu Han , Shaobing Xu , Qing Xu , John M. Dolan , Jianqiang Wang

Automating optimization modeling with LLMs is a promising path toward scalable decision intelligence, but existing approaches either rely on agentic pipelines built on closed-source LLMs with high inference latency, or fine-tune smaller…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Runda Guan , Xiangqing Shen , Jiajun Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Jian Cheng , Rui Xia

Deploying autonomous systems in safety critical settings necessitates methods to verify their safety properties. This is challenging because real-world systems may be subject to disturbances that affect their performance, but are unknown a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Nicholas Rober , Karan Mahesh , Tyler M. Paine , Max L. Greene , Steven Lee , Sildomar T. Monteiro , Michael R. Benjamin , Jonathan P. How

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is the key requisite for their acceptance in society. This complexity is the core challenge in formally proving their safety conditions with AI-based black-box controllers and surrounding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Tsutomu Kobayashi , Martin Bondu , Fuyuki Ishikawa

Closed-loop simulation environments play a crucial role in the validation and enhancement of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, certain challenges warrant significant attention, including balancing simulation accuracy with duration,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Daocheng Fu , Naiting Zhong , Xu Han , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Song Mao , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

There is an urgent societal need to assess whether autonomous vehicles (AVs) are safe enough. From published quantitative safety and reliability assessments of AVs, we know that, given the goal of predicting very low rates of accidents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Xingyu Zhao , Valentin Robu , David Flynn , Kizito Salako , Lorenzo Strigini

The increasing use of Machine Learning (ML) components embedded in autonomous systems -- so-called Learning-Enabled Systems (LESs) -- has resulted in the pressing need to assure their functional safety. As for traditional functional safety,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Yi Dong , Wei Huang , Vibhav Bharti , Victoria Cox , Alec Banks , Sen Wang , Xingyu Zhao , Sven Schewe , Xiaowei Huang

Verifying whether the machine unlearning process has been properly executed is critical but remains underexplored. Some existing approaches propose unlearning verification methods based on backdooring techniques. However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Weiqi Wang , Zhiyi Tian , Chenhan Zhang , Luoyu Chen , Shui Yu

This paper presents a tool for addressing a key component in many algorithms for planning robot trajectories under uncertainty: evaluation of the safety of a robot whose actions are governed by a closed-loop feedback policy near a nominal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-05 Edward Schmerling , Marco Pavone

Stress testing is an approach for evaluating the reliability of systems under extreme conditions which help reveal vulnerable scenarios that standard testing may overlook. Identifying such scenarios is of great importance in autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Linh Trinh , Quang-Hung Luu , Thai M. Nguyen , Hai L. Vu

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) can be computationally expensive, with standard solvers scaling poorly even in the convex setting. We propose a novel lossless compression framework for convex ERM based on color refinement, extending prior…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Bryan Zhu , Ziang Chen

Deploying deep reinforcement learning in safety-critical settings requires developing algorithms that obey hard constraints during exploration. This paper contributes a first approach toward enforcing formal safety constraints on end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Nathan Hunt , Nathan Fulton , Sara Magliacane , Nghia Hoang , Subhro Das , Armando Solar-Lezama

This paper aims to enhance the computational efficiency of safety verification of neural network control systems by developing a guaranteed neural network model reduction method. First, a concept of model reduction precision is proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Weiming Xiang , Zhongzhu Shao

For drones, as safety-critical systems, there is an increasing need for onboard detect & avoid (DAA) technology i) to see, sense or detect conflicting traffic or imminent non-cooperative threats due to their high mobility with multiple…

Modern AI technologies enable autonomous vehicles to perceive complex scenes, predict human behavior, and make real-time driving decisions. However, these data-driven components often operate as black boxes, lacking interpretability and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Oumaima Barhoumi , Mohamed H Zaki , Sofiène Tahar

Although extensive research in emergency collision avoidance has been carried out for straight or curved roads in a highway scenario, a general method that could be implemented for all road environments has not been thoroughly explored.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Xu Shang , Azim Eskandarian

Technology advances give us the hope of driving without human error, reducing vehicle emissions and simplifying an everyday task with the future of self-driving cars. Making sure these vehicles are safe is very important to the continuation…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Megan Strauss , Stefan Mitsch

Motion planning is a computationally intensive and well-studied problem in autonomous robots. However, motion planning hardware accelerators (MPA) must be soft-error resilient for deployment in safety-critical applications, and blanket…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Deval Shah , Zi Yu Xue , Karthik Pattabiraman , Tor M. Aamodt

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) presents an opportunity to save and improve lives. However, achieving SAE Level 5 (full) autonomy will require overcoming many technical challenges. There is a gap in the literature regarding the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Eduardo Candela , Yuxiang Feng , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Yiannis Demiris

Traditional methods for developing and evaluating autonomous driving functions, such as model-in-the-loop (MIL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations, heavily depend on the accuracy of simulated vehicle models and human factors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Haochong Chen , Xincheng Cao , Levent Guvenc , Bilin Aksun Guvenc