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Using gravitational waves to probe the geometry of the ringing remnant black hole formed in a binary black hole coalescence is a well-established way to test Einstein's theory of general relativity. However, doing so requires knowledge of…

Quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of a black hole (BH) are the eigen modes describing the dissipative oscillation of various fields in that spacetime, which can be intrinsically produced by the linear perturbation theory. With the discovery of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-02 Yuqian Zhao , Bing Sun , Zhan-Feng Mai , Zhoujian Cao

Measuring quasinormal modes (QNMs) during the ringdown phase of binary black hole coalescences provides key insights into merger dynamics and enables tests of the no-hair theorem. The QNM rational filter has recently been introduced as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-12 Neil Lu , Sizheng Ma , Ornella J. Piccinni , Ling Sun , Eliot Finch

Observations of gravitational waves (GWs) generated by binary black hole (BBH) mergers provide us with a powerful way to explore the strong and highly dynamical regime of gravity theories. The ringdown of BBH merger, consisting of a series…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Zexin Hu , Daniela D. Doneva , Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev , Lijing Shao

Quasinormal modes (QNMs) are usually characterized by their time dependence; oscillations at specific frequencies predicted by black hole (BH) perturbation theory. QNMs are routinely identified in the ringdown of numerical relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-20 Richard Dyer , Christopher J. Moore

We study the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of charged scalar in the static spherically symmetric black hole background near the event and cosmological horizon. Starting with numerical analysis of the QNMs of black hole in the dRGT massive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-04-10 Takol Tangphati , Supakchai Ponglertsakul , Piyabut Burikham

The ringdown (RD) phase of gravitational waves is of prime interest for testing general relativity (GR). The modelling of the linear quasi-normal modes (QNMs) within the Kerr spectrum -- or with agnostic parameterized deviations to that GR…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-08 Yi Qiu , Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Pierre Mourier

In linear perturbation theory, the ringdown of a gravitational wave (GW) signal is described by a linear combination of quasinormal modes (QNMs). Detecting QNMs from GW signals is a promising way to test GR, central to the developing field…

The characteristic oscillations of black holes, as described by their quasinormal mode (QNM) spectrum, play a fundamental role in testing general relativity with gravitational waves. The so-called parametrized QNM framework was introduced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-13 Spyros Thomopoulos , Sebastian H. Völkel , Harald P. Pfeiffer

It is known that a quasinormal mode (QNM) of a remnant black hole dominates a ringdown gravitational wave (GW) in a binary black hole (BBH) merger. To study properties of the QNMs, it is important to determine the time when the QNMs appear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-06 Kazuki Sakai , Ken-ichi Oohara , Hiroyuki Nakano , Masato Kaneyama , Hirotaka Takahashi

The ringdown signal following a black hole (BH) merger can be modeled as a superposition of BH quasinormal modes (QNMs), offering a clean setup for testing gravitational theories. In particular, detecting multiple QNMs enables consistency…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-17 Soichiro Morisaki , Hayato Motohashi , Motoki Suzuki , Daiki Watarai

Black hole (BH) spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful approach to extract spacetime information from gravitational wave (GW) observed signals. Yet, quasinormal mode (QNM) spectral instability under high wave-number perturbations has been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-08 José Luis Jaramillo , Rodrigo Panosso Macedo , Lamis Al Sheikh

The ringdown of a perturbed black hole (BH) can be described as a superposition of quasinormal modes (QNMs), whose frequencies are determined by the spacetime geometry while their amplitudes depend also on the perturbing source. However,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Alejandro Svyatkovskyy Kholyavka , Jose Antonio León Vega , Samuel Gómez Gómez , Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Sayak Datta

Quasinormal modes (QNMs) uniquely describe the dominant piece of the gravitational-wave ringdown of postmerger black holes. While the linear QNM regime has been extensively studied, recent work has highlighted the importance of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-04 Patrick Bourg , Rodrigo Panosso Macedo , Andrew Spiers , Benjamin Leather , Béatrice Bonga , Adam Pound

Understanding gravity is at the heart of some of the biggest questions in modern physics. While General Relativity (GR) is a theoretically unique and experimentally well-tested framework, it remains important to question whether it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-21 Sergi Sirera

The quasi normal modes (QNMs) associated with gravitational-wave signals from binary black hole (BBH) mergers can provide deep insight into the remnant's properties. Once design sensitivity is achieved, present ground-based gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-08 C. F. Da Silva Costa , S. Tiwari , S. Klimenko , F. Salemi

The Kerr nature of a compact-object-coalescence remnant can be unveiled by observing multiple quasi-normal modes (QNMs) in the post-merger signal. Current methods to achieve this goal rely on matching the data with a superposition of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-31 Richard Brito , Alessandra Buonanno , Vivien Raymond

We propose two frequency-domain filters to analyze ringdown signals of binary black hole mergers. The first rational filter is constructed based on a set of (arbitrary) quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the remnant black holes, whereas the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-13 Sizheng Ma , Keefe Mitman , Ling Sun , Nils Deppe , François Hébert , Lawrence E. Kidder , Jordan Moxon , William Throwe , Nils L. Vu , Yanbei Chen

Gravitational wave (GW) detection has enabled us to test General Relativity in an entirely new regime. A prominent role in tests of General Relativity takes the detection of the Quasi-normal modes (QNMs) that arise as the highly distorted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-29 Alejandro Torres-Orjuela

The ringdown of perturbed black holes has been studied since the 1970s, but until recently, studies have focused on linear perturbations. There is now burgeoning interest in nonlinear perturbative effects during ringdown. Here, using a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-11 Patrick Bourg , Rodrigo Panosso Macedo , Andrew Spiers , Benjamin Leather , Bonga Béatrice , Adam Pound
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