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We present a clustering-based language model using word embeddings for text readability prediction. Presumably, an Euclidean semantic space hypothesis holds true for word embeddings whose training is done by observing word co-occurrences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-07 Miriam Cha , Youngjune Gwon , H. T. Kung

This report presents a unified instruction-based framework for learning generalized text embeddings optimized for both information retrieval (IR) and non-IR tasks. Built upon a decoder-only large language model (Mistral-7B), our approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jooyoung Choi , Hyun Kim , Hansol Jang , Changwook Jun , Kyunghoon Bae , Hyewon Choi , Stanley Jungkyu Choi , Honglak Lee , Chulmin Yun

Large language models (LLMs) call for extension of context to handle many critical applications. However, the existing approaches are prone to expensive costs and inferior quality of context extension. In this work, we proposeExtensible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kun Luo , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Kang Liu

Word embedding methods revolve around learning continuous distributed vector representations of words with neural networks, which can capture semantic and/or syntactic cues, and in turn be used to induce similarity measures among words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Kuan-Yu Chen , Shih-Hung Liu , Berlin Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Neural text classification models typically treat output labels as categorical variables which lack description and semantics. This forces their parametrization to be dependent on the label set size, and, hence, they are unable to scale to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Nikolaos Pappas , James Henderson

We present a simple yet effective approach for learning word sense embeddings. In contrast to existing techniques, which either directly learn sense representations from corpora or rely on sense inventories from lexical resources, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-14 Maria Pelevina , Nikolay Arefyev , Chris Biemann , Alexander Panchenko

With the booming of Large Language Models (LLMs), prompt-learning has become a promising method mainly researched in various research areas. Recently, many attempts based on prompt-learning have been made to improve the performance of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chun Liu , Hongguang Zhang , Kainan Zhao , Xinghai Ju , Lin Yang

In recent years, word embeddings have been surprisingly effective at capturing intuitive characteristics of the words they represent. These vectors achieve the best results when training corpora are extremely large, sometimes billions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Willie Boag , Hassan Kané

Implicit discourse relations bind smaller linguistic units into coherent texts. Automatic sense prediction for implicit relations is hard, because it requires understanding the semantics of the linked arguments. Furthermore, annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Murali Raghu Babu Balusu , Yangfeng Ji , Jacob Eisenstein

Word embeddings are one of the most useful tools in any modern natural language processing expert's toolkit. They contain various types of information about each word which makes them the best way to represent the terms in any NLP task. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Armin Seyeditabari , Narges Tabari , Shafie Gholizade , Wlodek Zadrozny

Training data for text classification is often limited in practice, especially for applications with many output classes or involving many related classification problems. This means classifiers must generalize from limited evidence, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Abhijit Mahabal , Jason Baldridge , Burcu Karagol Ayan , Vincent Perot , Dan Roth

Word embeddings are representations of individual words of a text document in a vector space and they are often use- ful for performing natural language pro- cessing tasks. Current state of the art al- gorithms for learning word embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Prathusha Kameswara Sarma , Bill Sethares

Deep language models learning a hierarchical representation proved to be a powerful tool for natural language processing, text mining and information retrieval. However, representations that perform well for retrieval must capture semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Tolgahan Cakaloglu , Xiaowei Xu

Can continuous diffusion models bring the same performance breakthrough on natural language they did for image generation? To circumvent the discrete nature of text data, we can simply project tokens in a continuous space of embeddings, as…

Text classification is fundamental in natural language processing (NLP), and Graph Neural Networks (GNN) are recently applied in this task. However, the existing graph-based works can neither capture the contextual word relationships within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Yufeng Zhang , Xueli Yu , Zeyu Cui , Shu Wu , Zhongzhen Wen , Liang Wang

Dialogue generation models face the challenge of producing generic and repetitive responses. Unlike previous augmentation methods that mostly focus on token manipulation and ignore the essential variety within a single sample using hard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Yu Cao , Liang Ding , Zhiliang Tian , Meng Fang

In this paper, we introduce a novel and simple method for obtaining high-quality text embeddings using only synthetic data and less than 1k training steps. Unlike existing methods that often depend on multi-stage intermediate pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Xiaolong Huang , Linjun Yang , Rangan Majumder , Furu Wei

The emergence of knowledge graphs in the scholarly communication domain and recent advances in artificial intelligence and natural language processing bring us closer to a scenario where intelligent systems can assist scientists over a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Andres Garcia , Jose Manuel Gomez-Perez

One of the prime problems of computer science and machine learning is to extract information efficiently from large-scale, heterogeneous data. Text data, with its syntax, semantics, and even hidden information content, possesses an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Sarmad N. Mohammed , Semra Gündüç

Statistical decision algorithms are increasingly deployed in domains where ground-truth labels are hard to obtain, such as hiring, university admissions, and content moderation. In these settings, models are typically trained on historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Calvin Isley , Johann D. Gaebler , Sharad Goel