English

LGAI-EMBEDDING-Preview Technical Report

Computation and Language 2025-06-24 v2

Abstract

This report presents a unified instruction-based framework for learning generalized text embeddings optimized for both information retrieval (IR) and non-IR tasks. Built upon a decoder-only large language model (Mistral-7B), our approach combines in-context learning, soft supervision, and adaptive hard-negative mining to generate context-aware embeddings without task-specific fine-tuning. Structured instructions and few-shot examples are used to guide the model across diverse tasks, enabling strong performance on classification, semantic similarity, clustering, and reranking benchmarks. To improve semantic discrimination, we employ a soft labeling framework where continuous relevance scores, distilled from a high-performance dense retriever and reranker, serve as fine-grained supervision signals. In addition, we introduce adaptive margin-based hard-negative mining, which filters out semantically ambiguous negatives based on their similarity to positive examples, thereby enhancing training stability and retrieval robustness. Our model is evaluated on the newly introduced MTEB (English, v2) benchmark, covering 41 tasks across seven categories. Results show that our method achieves strong generalization and ranks among the top-performing models by Borda score, outperforming several larger or fully fine-tuned baselines. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining in-context prompting, soft supervision, and adaptive sampling for scalable, high-quality embedding generation.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.07438,
  title  = {LGAI-EMBEDDING-Preview Technical Report},
  author = {Jooyoung Choi and Hyun Kim and Hansol Jang and Changwook Jun and Kyunghoon Bae and Hyewon Choi and Stanley Jungkyu Choi and Honglak Lee and Chulmin Yun},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.07438},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

10 pages

R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:06:27.625Z