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Observed data is often contaminated by undiscovered interlopers, leading to biased parameter estimation. Here we present BEAMS (Bayesian Estimation Applied to Multiple Species) which significantly improves on the standard maximum likelihood…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Martin Kunz , Bruce A. Bassett , Renee Hlozek

A hierarchical Bayesian framework is introduced for developing tree-based mixture models for time series, partly motivated by applications in finance and forecasting. At the top level, meaningful discrete states are identified as…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-28 Ioannis Papageorgiou , Ioannis Kontoyiannis

Spectral line observations encode a wealth of information. A key challenge, therefore, lies in the interpretation of these observations in terms of models to derive the physical and chemical properties of the astronomical environments from…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-06 Frederik De Ceuster , Thomas Ceulemans , Leen Decin , Taïssa Danilovich , Jeremy Yates

For several decades now, Bayesian inference techniques have been applied to theories of particle physics, cosmology and astrophysics to obtain the probability density functions of their free parameters. In this study, we review and compare…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-03 Joshua Albert , Csaba Balazs , Andrew Fowlie , Will Handley , Nicholas Hunt-Smith , Roberto Ruiz de Austri , Martin White

Markov Chain Monte Carlo based Bayesian data analysis has now become the method of choice for analyzing and interpreting data in almost all disciplines of science. In astronomy, over the last decade, we have also seen a steady increase in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-30 Sanjib Sharma

I describe an approach to fitting and comparison of radio spectra based on Bayesian analysis and realised using a new implementation of the nested sampling algorithm. Such an approach improves on the commonly used maximum-likelihood fitting…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-14 Bojan Nikolic

Current analysis of astronomical data are confronted with the daunting task of modeling the awkward features of astronomical data, among which heteroscedastic (point-dependent) errors, intrinsic scatter, non-ignorable data collection…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-19 S. Andreon

The original formulation of BEAMS - Bayesian Estimation Applied to Multiple Species - showed how to use a dataset contaminated by points of multiple underlying types to perform unbiased parameter estimation. An example is cosmological…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-02 James Newling , Bruce. A. Bassett , Renée Hlozek , Martin Kunz , Mathew Smith , Melvin Varughese

A Bayesian network is a widely used probabilistic graphical model with applications in knowledge discovery and prediction. Learning a Bayesian network (BN) from data can be cast as an optimization problem using the well-known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Zhenyu A. Liao , Charupriya Sharma , James Cussens , Peter van Beek

A representation of the cause-effect mechanism is needed to enable artificial intelligence to represent how the world works. Bayesian Networks (BNs) have proven to be an effective and versatile tool for this task. BNs require constructing a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Joverlyn Gaudillo , Nicole Astrologo , Fabio Stella , Enzo Acerbi , Francesco Canonaco

Accurate model stellar fluxes are key for the analysis of observations of individual stars or stellar populations. Model spectra differ from real stellar spectra due to limitations of the input physical data and adopted simplifications, but…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Carlos Allende Prieto

Cosmological parameter uncertainties are often stated assuming a particular model, neglecting the model uncertainty, even when Bayesian model selection is unable to identify a conclusive best model. Bayesian model averaging is a method for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-23 David Parkinson , Andrew R. Liddle

We present an R package bssm for Bayesian non-linear/non-Gaussian state space modelling. Unlike the existing packages, bssm allows for easy-to-use approximate inference based on Gaussian approximations such as the Laplace approximation and…

Computation · Statistics 2022-04-13 Jouni Helske , Matti Vihola

Bayesian inference is often used in cosmology and astrophysics to derive constraints on model parameters from observations. This approach relies on the ability to compute the likelihood of the data given a choice of model parameters. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-16 Joel Akeret , Alexandre Refregier , Adam Amara , Sebastian Seehars , Caspar Hasner

Bayesian parameter inference is an essential tool in modern cosmology, and typically requires the calculation of $10^5$--$10^6$ theoretical models for each inference of model parameters for a given dataset combination. Computing these…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-16 Andreas Nygaard , Emil Brinch Holm , Steen Hannestad , Thomas Tram

Classically, Bayesian clustering interprets each component of a mixture model as a cluster. The inferred clustering posterior is highly sensitive to any inaccuracies in the kernel within each component. As this kernel is made more flexible,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 David Buch , Miheer Dewaskar , David B. Dunson

Constraints on cosmological parameters are often distilled from sky surveys by fitting templates to summary statistics of the data that are motivated by a fiducial cosmological model. However, recent work has shown how to estimate the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-16 Aseem Paranjape , Ravi K. Sheth

Averaging predictions from multiple competing inferential models frequently outperforms predictions from any single model, providing that models are optimally weighted to maximize predictive performance. This is particularly the case in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-02 Nathaniel Haines , Conor Goold

Over the past 30 years, numerous large-scale photometric astronomical surveys have been conducted, including SDSS, Pan-STARRS, Gaia,2MASS, WISE, and others. These surveys provide extensive photometric measurements that can be used to infer…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-03 Mateusz Kapusta

This paper proposes and experimentally validates a Bayesian network model of a range finder adapted to dynamic environments. All modeling assumptions are rigorously explained, and all model parameters have a physical interpretation. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Tinne De Laet , Joris De Schutter , Herman Bruyninckx