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A subset $D\subseteq V(G)$ is called a $k$-distance dominating set of $G$ if every vertex in $V(G)\setminus D$ is within distance $k$ from some vertex of $D$. The minimum cardinality among all $k$-distance dominating sets of $G$ is called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-04 D. A. Mojdeh , S. R. Musawi , E. Nazari

Locating-dominating codes have been studied widely since their introduction in the 1980s by Slater and Rall. In this paper, we concentrate on vertices that must belong to all minimum locating-dominating codes in a graph. We call them…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Ville Junnila , Tero Laihonen , Havu Miikonen

The bondage number of a nonempty graph $G$ is the cardinality of a smallest edge set whose removal from $G$ results in a graph with domination number greater than the domination number of $G$. This lecture gives a survey on the bondage…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-19 Jun-Ming Xu

A graph $G$ is a \emph{cover} of a graph $F$ if there exists an onto mapping $\pi : V(G) \to V(F)$, called a (\emph{covering}) \emph{projection}, such that $\pi$ maps the neighbours of any vertex $v$ in $G$ bijectively onto the neighbours…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Dickson Y. B. Annor

For a graph $G= (V, E)$, a Roman dominating function is a map $f : V \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2\}$ satisfies the property that if $f(v) = 0$, then $v$ must have adjacent to at least one vertex $u$ such that $f(u)= 2$. The weight of a Roman…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Ravindra Kumar , Om Prakash

For any graph $G$ of order $p$, a bijection $f: V(G)\to [1,p]$ is called a numbering of the graph $G$ of order $p$. The strength $str_f(G)$ of a numbering $f: V(G)\to [1,p]$ of $G$ is defined by $str_f(G) = \max\{f(u)+f(v)\; |\; uv\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Zhen-Bin Gao , Gee-Choon Lau , Wai-Chee Shiu

This paper begins the study of reconfiguration of zero forcing sets, and more specifically, the zero forcing graph. Given a base graph $G$, its zero forcing graph, $\mathscr{Z}(G)$, is the graph whose vertices are the minimum zero forcing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-02 Jesse Geneson , Ruth Haas , Leslie Hogben

Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a simple graph. A non-empty set $S\subseteq V (G)$ is a weakly connected dominating set in $G$, if the subgraph obtained from $G$ by removing all edges each joining any two vertices in $V (G)\setminus S$ is connected.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-06 Saeid Alikhani , Somayeh Jahari , Mohammad Mehryar

For $k \geq 1$ and a graph $G$ without isolated vertices, a \emph{total (distance) $k$-dominating set} of $G$ is a set of vertices $S \subseteq V(G)$ such that every vertex in $G$ is within distance $k$ to some vertex of $S$ other than…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Randy Davila

The forcing number of a perfect matching $M$ in a graph $G$ is the smallest number of edges inside $M$ that can not be contained in other perfect matchings. The anti-forcing number of $M$ is the smallest number of edges outside $M$ whose…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-25 Kai Deng , Huazhong Lü , Tingzeng Wu

Let $G$ be a simple graph. The dominated coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring of $G$ such that each color class is dominated by at least one vertex. The minimum number of colors needed for a dominated coloring of $G$ is called the dominated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Saeid Alikhani , Mohammad R. Piri

An automorphism on a graph $G$ is a bijective mapping on the vertex set $V(G)$, which preserves the relation of adjacency between any two vertices of $G$. An automorphism $g$ fixes a vertex $v$ if $g$ maps $v$ onto itself. The stabilizer of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-03 I. Javaid , M. Murtaza , M. Asif , F. Iftikhar

In a graph $G$, a vertex dominates itself and its neighbours. A subset $S\subseteq V(G)$ is said to be a double dominating set of $G$ if $S$ dominates every vertex of $G$ at least twice. The minimum cardinality among all double dominating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-23 A. Cabrera Martinez , S. Cabrera Garcia , J. A. Rodriguez-Velazquez

A set $S$ of vertices in a graph $G$ is a dominating set if every vertex of $G$ is in $S$ or is adjacent to a vertex in $S$. If, in addition, $S$ is an independent set, then $S$ is an independent dominating set. The domination number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Martin Knor , Riste Škrekovski , Aleksandra Tepeh

A dominating set of a graph $G$ is a set $D \subseteq V(G)$ such that every vertex in $V(G) \setminus D$ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $D$. A set $L\subseteq V(G)$ is a locating set of $G$ if every vertex in $V(G) \setminus L$ has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Florent Foucaud , Paras Vinubhai Maniya , Kaustav Paul , Dinabandhu Pradhan

A set $S\subseteq V$ is a dominating set of $G$ if every vertex in $V - S$ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $S$. The domination number $\gamma(G)$ of $G$ equals the minimum cardinality of a dominating set $S$ in $G$; we say that such a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-04 Benjamin M. Case , Todd Fenstermacher , Soumendra Ganguly , Renu C. Laskar

The independent domination number of a finite graph G is the minimum cardinality of an independent dominating set of vertices. The independent bondage number of G is the minimum cardinality of a set of edges whose deletion results in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-06 E. G. K. M. Gamlath , Bing Wei , Talmage James Reid

The \emph{domination subdivision number} sd$(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of edges that must be subdivided (where an edge can be subdivided at most once) in order to increase the domination number of $G$. It has been shown…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-15 Magda Dettlaff , Joanna Raczek , Jerzy Topp

A set $D \subseteq V$ of a graph $G=(V, E)$ is a dominating set of $G$ if every vertex $v\in V\setminus D$ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $D.$ A set $S \subseteq V$ is a co-secure dominating set (CSDS) of a graph $G$ if $S$ is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-21 B S Panda , Soumyashree Rana , Sounaka Mishra

A Roman dominating function for a (non-weighted) graph $G=(V,E)$, is a function $f:V\rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$ such that every vertex $u\in V$ with $f(u)=0$ has at least {one} neighbor $v\in V$ such that $f(v)=2$. The minimum weight $\sum_{v\in…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Martín Cera , Pedro García-Vázquez , Juan Carlos Valenzuela-Tripodoro