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The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm aiming to produce approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization problems. In the QAOA, the quantum part prepares a quantum parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Ningyi Xie , Xinwei Lee , Dongsheng Cai , Yoshiyuki Saito , Nobuyoshi Asai

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) adopts a hybrid quantum-classical approach to find approximate solutions to variational optimization problems. In fact, it relies on a classical subroutine to optimize the parameters of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Simone Tibaldi , Davide Vodola , Edoardo Tignone , Elisa Ercolessi

Designing noisy-resilience quantum algorithms is indispensable for practical applications on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum~(NISQ) devices. Here we propose a quantum approximate optimization algorithm~(QAOA) with a very shallow circuit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-27 Fang-Gang Duan , Dan-Bo Zhang

Finding the ground state of a Hamiltonian system is of great significance in many-body quantum physics and quantum chemistry. We propose an improved iterative quantum algorithm to prepare the ground state of a Hamiltonian. The crucial point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Jin-Min Liang , Qiao-Qiao Lv , Shu-Qian Shen , Ming Li , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

Sparse quantum state preparation is a common subroutine in quantum algorithms, where classical data with few nonzero entries must be loaded into a quantum state. In this work, we consider the Grover-Rudolph algorithm, which has recently…

The rodeo algorithm is an efficient algorithm for eigenstate preparation and eigenvalue estimation for any observable on a quantum computer. This makes it a promising tool for studying the spectrum and structure of atomic nuclei as well as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Zhengrong Qian , Jacob Watkins , Gabriel Given , Joey Bonitati , Kenneth Choi , Dean Lee

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge with broad applications in logistics and transportation. In this work, we present a quantum-assisted framework that integrates the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Talha Azfar , Osama Muhammad Raisuddin , Ruimin Ke , Jose Holguin-Veras

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm~(QAOA) first proposed by Farhi et al. promises near-term applications based on its simplicity, universality, and provable optimality. A depth-p QAOA consists of p interleaved unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-30 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Sirui Lu , Isaac L. Chuang

A computation in adiabatic quantum computing is implemented by traversing a path of nondegenerate eigenstates of a continuous family of Hamiltonians. We introduce a method that traverses a discretized form of the path: At each step we apply…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-14 S. Boixo , E. Knill , R. D. Somma

Current hardware limitations restrict the potential when solving quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) or quantum annealing (QA). Thus, we consider training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-30 Thomas Gabor , Sebastian Feld , Hila Safi , Thomy Phan , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

The Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) is a widely studied quantum-classical iterative heuristic for combinatorial optimisation. While QAOA targets problems in complexity class NP, the classical optimisation procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Tom Krüger , Wolfgang Mauerer

We present a quantum optimization framework for the Shipment Selection Problem (SSP) in electric freight logistics, developed jointly by IonQ and Einride. Idle gaps arising from stochastic shipment cancellations reduce fleet utilization and…

Quantum Annealing (QA) and QAOA are promising quantum optimisation algorithms used for finding approximate solutions to combinatorial problems on near-term NISQ systems. Many NP-hard problems can be reformulated as Quadratic Unconstrained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Namasi G Sankar , Georgios Miliotis , Simon Caton

Many quantum algorithms seek to output a specific bitstring solving the problem of interest--or a few if the solution is degenerate. It is the case for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) in the limit of large circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Maxime Dupont , Nicolas Didier , Mark J. Hodson , Joel E. Moore , Matthew J. Reagor

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) exhibits significant potential for tackling combinatorial optimization problems. Despite its promise for near-term quantum devices, a major challenge in applying QAOA lies in the cost of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Mingyou Wu , Hanwu Chen

Constrained combinatorial optimization with strict linear constraints underpins applications in drug discovery, power grids, logistics, and finance, yet remains computationally demanding for classical algorithms, especially at large scales.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Yajie Hao , Qiming Ding , Xiao Yuan , Xiaoting Wang

In the rapidly advancing domain of quantum optimization, the confluence of quantum algorithms such as Quantum Annealing (QA) and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) with robust optimization methodologies presents a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Pascal Halffmann , Steve Lenk , Michael Trebing

We present benchmarks of the parity transformation for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). We analyse the gate resources required to implement a single QAOA cycle for real-world scenarios. In particular, we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Michael Fellner , Kilian Ender , Roeland ter Hoeven , Wolfgang Lechner

We propose an Indirect Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (referred to as IQAOA) where the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz takes into consideration a general parameterized family of unitary operators to efficiently model the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Eric Bourreau , Gerard Fleury , Philippe Lacomme

Eigenstate preparation is ubiquitous in quantum computing, and a standard approach for generating the lowest-energy states of a given system is by employing adiabatic state preparation (ASP). In the present work, we investigate a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-30 Shunji Matsuura , Samantha Buck , Valentin Senicourt , Arman Zaribafiyan