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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a critical tool in modern medical diagnostics, yet its prolonged acquisition time remains a critical limitation, especially in time-sensitive clinical scenarios. While undersampling strategies can…

Deep learning has become a popular tool for medical image analysis, but the limited availability of training data remains a major challenge, particularly in the medical field where data acquisition can be costly and subject to privacy…

Performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction from under-sampled k-space data can accelerate the procedure to acquire MRI scans and reduce patients' discomfort. The reconstruction problem is usually formulated as a denoising…

Segmentation masks of pathological areas are useful in many medical applications, such as brain tumour and stroke management. Moreover, healthy counterfactuals of diseased images can be used to enhance radiologists' training files and to…

Magnetic resonance (MR) image re-parameterization refers to the process of generating via simulations of an MR image with a new set of MRI scanning parameters. Different parameter values generate distinct contrast between different tissues,…

Deep learning analyses have offered sensitivity leaps in detection of cognitive states from functional MRI (fMRI) measurements across the brain. Yet, as deep models perform hierarchical nonlinear transformations on their input, interpreting…

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common and life-saving medical imaging technique. However, acquiring high signal-to-noise ratio MRI scans requires long scan times, resulting in increased costs and patient discomfort, and decreased…

Generating healthy counterfactuals from pathological images holds significant promise in medical imaging, e.g., in anomaly detection or for application of analysis tools that are designed for healthy scans. These counterfactuals should…

Medical imaging applications are highly specialized in terms of human anatomy, pathology, and imaging domains. Therefore, annotated training datasets for training deep learning applications in medical imaging not only need to be highly…

3D brain MRI studies often examine subtle morphometric differences between cohorts that are hard to detect visually. Given the high cost of MRI acquisition, these studies could greatly benefit from image syntheses, particularly…

The application of deep learning to build accurate predictive models from functional neuroimaging data is often hindered by limited dataset sizes. Though data augmentation can help mitigate such training obstacles, most data augmentation…

With the advent of Deep Learning (DL) techniques, especially Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), data augmentation and generation are quickly evolving domains that have raised much interest recently. However, the DL techniques are data…

The discovery of patient-specific imaging markers that are predictive of future disease outcomes can help us better understand individual-level heterogeneity of disease evolution. In fact, deep learning models that can provide data-driven…

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging datasets suffer from low Signal-to-Noise Ratio, especially at high b-values. Acquiring data at high b-values contains relevant information and is now of great interest for microstructural and…

In this study, we introduce a generative model that can synthesize a large number of radiographical image/label pairs, and thus is asymptotically favorable to downstream activities such as segmentation in bio-medical image analysis.…

Counterfactual inference for continuous rather than binary treatment variables is more common in real-world causal inference tasks. While there are already some sample reweighting methods based on Marginal Structural Model for eliminating…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful medical imaging modality, but unfortunately suffers from long scan times which, aside from increasing operational costs, can lead to image artifacts due to patient motion. Motion during the…

Deep generative models have demonstrated remarkable success in medical image synthesis. However, ensuring conditioning faithfulness and high-quality synthetic images for direct or counterfactual generation remains a challenge. In this work,…

As acquiring MRIs is expensive, neuroscience studies struggle to attain a sufficient number of them for properly training deep learning models. This challenge could be reduced by MRI synthesis, for which Generative Adversarial Networks…

Deep generative modeling has emerged as a powerful tool for synthesizing realistic medical images, driving advances in medical image analysis, disease diagnosis, and treatment planning. This chapter explores various deep generative models…