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In this manuscript, we have investigated the response of the State of Charge (SoC) and the open-circuit voltage across the dynamic battery model under the variable voltage and current during the charging cycle of the battery. These variable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Siddhi Vinayak Pandey , Jeet Patel , Harsh S. Dhiman

Battery aging is a natural process that contributes to capacity and power fade, resulting in a gradual performance degradation over time and usage. State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) monitoring of an aging battery poses a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-25 Anirudh Allam , Simona Onori

Electric Vehicle (EV) fleets have dramatically expanded over the past several years. There has been significant increase in interest to electrify all modes of transportation. EVs are primarily powered by Energy Storage Systems such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Aniruddh Herle , Janamejaya Channegowda , Dinakar Prabhu

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) sources have played an essential role in self-sustained transportation energy systems and have been widely deployed in the last few years. To realize reliable battery maintenance, identifying its electrochemical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-15 Yuxuan Gu , Jianxiao Wang , Yuanbo Chen , Kedi Zheng , Zhongwei Deng , Qixin Chen

When two electrode open-circuit potentials form a full-cell OCV (open-circuit voltage) model, cell-level SOH (state of health) parameters related to LLI (loss of lithium inventory) and LAM (loss of active materials) naturally appear. Such…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Jing Lin , Edwin Khoo

This work presents a comparative study of optimization techniques for parameter identification in equivalent electrical models of lithium-ion batteries. The 2RC model is applied to a set of twelve batteries using four publicly available…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Johan Sebastian Suarez Sepúlveda , Edgar Hernando Sepúlveda-Oviedo , Bruno Jammes , Corinne Alonso

The future evolution of technological systems dedicated to improve energy efficiency will strongly depend on effective and reliable Energy Storage Systems, as key components for Smart Grids, microgrids and electric mobility. Besides…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Maurizio Paschero , Gian Luca Storti , Antonello Rizzi , Fabio Massimo Frattale Mascioli , Giorgio Rizzoni

Being able to predict battery internal states that are related to battery degradation is a key aspect to improve battery lifetime and performance, enhancing cleaner electric transportation and energy generation. However, most present…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Iker Lopetegi , Sergio Fernandez , Gregory L. Plett , M. Scott Trimboli , Unai Iraola

This manuscript presents an algorithm for individual Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cell state of charge (SOC) estimation when multiple cells are connected in parallel, using only terminal voltage and total current measurements. For battery…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-11 Dong Zhang , Luis D. Couto , Sebastien Benjamin , Wente Zeng , Daniel F. Coutinho , Scott J. Moura

This paper presents a novel framework for state-of-charge estimation of rechargeable batteries in electric vehicles using a two-stage nonlinear estimator called the eXogenous Kalman filter (XKF). The nonlinear estimator consists of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-23 Agus Hasan , Martin Skriver , Tor Arne Johansen

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are a key enabler of the energy transition. However, they are known to exhibit significant inaccuracies in the estimation of their State of Charge (SOC). Such estimation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Jan Brändle , Gabriela Hug

Battery health estimation is fundamental to ensure battery safety and reduce cost. However, achieving accurate estimation has been challenging due to the batteries' complex nonlinear aging patterns and capacity regeneration phenomena. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Vijay Babu Pamshetti , Wei Zhang , King Jet Tseng , Bor Kiat Ng , Qingyu Yan

Accurate forecasting of state-of-health (SOH) is essential for ensuring safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion cells. However, existing models calibrated on laboratory tests at specific conditions often fail to generalize to new cells…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Samuel Filgueira da Silva , Mehmet Fatih Ozkan , Faissal El Idrissi , Marcello Canova

This paper investigates the state estimation of a high-fidelity spatially resolved thermal- electrochemical lithium-ion battery model commonly referred to as the pseudo two-dimensional model. The partial-differential algebraic equations…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-08-04 A. M. Bizeray , S. Zhao , S. R. Duncan , D. A. Howey

Kalman filter (KF) based methods for multi-object tracking (MOT) make an assumption that objects move linearly. While this assumption is acceptable for very short periods of occlusion, linear estimates of motion for prolonged time can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Jinkun Cao , Jiangmiao Pang , Xinshuo Weng , Rawal Khirodkar , Kris Kitani

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are rapidly increasing in popularity as they are environment friendly. Lithium Ion batteries are at the heart of EV technology and contribute to most of the weight and cost of an EV. State of Charge (SOC) is a very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Aniruddh Herle , Janamejaya Channegowda , Kali Naraharisetti

This letter proposes a lightweight, model-free online diagnostic framework for detecting internal short circuits (ISC) in single lithium-ion cells under dynamic operating conditions. The core of the method lies in computing the first-order…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Yangyang Xu , Chenglin Liao

Accurate state of power (SOP) estimation is of great importance for lithium-ion batteries in safety-critical and power-intensive applications for electric vehicles. This review article delves deeply into the entire development flow of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-22 Ruohan Guo , Weixiang Shen

Accurate state estimation of large-scale lithium-ion battery packs is necessary for the advanced control of batteries, which could potentially increase their lifetime through e.g. reconfiguration. To tackle this problem, an enhanced…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Luis D. Couto , Michel Kinnaert

Internet of Things (IoT) applications have opened up numerous possibilities to improve our lives. Most of the remote devices, part of the IoT network, such as smartphones, data loggers and wireless sensors are battery powered. It is vital…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-08 Chalukya Bhat , Aniruddh Herle , Janamejaya Channegowda , Kali Naraharisetti