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Deep-learning models for language generation tasks tend to produce repetitive output. Various methods have been proposed to encourage lexical diversity during decoding, but this often comes at a cost to the perceived fluency and adequacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Giulio Zhou , Gerasimos Lampouras

We introduce a simple but effective unsupervised method for generating realistic and diverse images. We train a class-conditional GAN model without using manually annotated class labels. Instead, our model is conditional on labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Steven Liu , Tongzhou Wang , David Bau , Jun-Yan Zhu , Antonio Torralba

Text-to-image models, which can generate high-quality images based on textual input, have recently enabled various content-creation tools. Despite significantly affecting a wide range of downstream applications, the distributions of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yanzhe Zhang , Lu Jiang , Greg Turk , Diyi Yang

This work addresses the challenge of quantifying originality in text-to-image (T2I) generative diffusion models, with a focus on copyright originality. We begin by evaluating T2I models' ability to innovate and generalize through controlled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Adi Haviv , Shahar Sarfaty , Uri Hacohen , Niva Elkin-Koren , Roi Livni , Amit H Bermano

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have transformed visual content creation, producing highly realistic images from natural language prompts. However, concerns persist around their potential to replicate and magnify existing societal biases. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Sedat Porikli , Vedat Porikli

Advances in generative models have led to significant interest in image synthesis, demonstrating the ability to generate high-quality images for a diverse range of text prompts. Despite this progress, most studies ignore the presence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Nila Masrourisaadat , Nazanin Sedaghatkish , Fatemeh Sarshartehrani , Edward A. Fox

Text-to-image synthesis models require the ability to generate diverse images while maintaining stability. To overcome this challenge, a number of methods have been proposed, including the collection of prompt-image datasets and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Keunwoo Park , Jihye Chae , Joong Ho Ahn , Jihoon Kweon

Evaluating the quality of automatically generated image descriptions is a complex task that requires metrics capturing various dimensions, such as grammaticality, coverage, accuracy, and truthfulness. Although human evaluation provides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Jia-Hong Huang , Hongyi Zhu , Yixian Shen , Stevan Rudinac , Evangelos Kanoulas

The unprecedented photorealistic results achieved by recent text-to-image generative systems and their increasing use as plug-and-play content creation solutions make it crucial to understand their potential biases. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Melissa Hall , Candace Ross , Adina Williams , Nicolas Carion , Michal Drozdzal , Adriana Romero Soriano

Evaluating and comparing text-to-image models is a challenging problem. Significant advances in the field have recently been made, piquing interest of various industrial sectors. As a consequence, a gold standard in the field should cover a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Federico A. Galatolo , Mario G. C. A. Cimino , Edoardo Cogotti

Automatic colorization of gray images with objects of different colors and sizes is challenging due to inter- and intra-object color variation and the small area of the main objects due to extensive backgrounds. The learning process often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Mrityunjoy Gain , Avi Deb Raha , Rameswar Debnath

Diversity in image generation is essential to ensure fair representations and support creativity in ideation. Hence, many text-to-image models have implemented diversification mechanisms. Yet, after a few iterations of generation, a lack of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-25 M. Michelessa , J. Ng , C. Hurter , B. Y. Lim

In this paper, we present an empirical study introducing a nuanced evaluation framework for text-to-image (T2I) generative models, applied to human image synthesis. Our framework categorizes evaluations into two distinct groups: first,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Muxi Chen , Yi Liu , Jian Yi , Changran Xu , Qiuxia Lai , Hongliang Wang , Tsung-Yi Ho , Qiang Xu

The use of CLIP embeddings to assess the fidelity of samples produced by text-to-image generative models has been extensively explored in the literature. While the widely adopted CLIPScore, derived from the cosine similarity of text and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Azim Ospanov , Mohammad Jalali , Farzan Farnia

The ability to understand visual concepts and replicate and compose these concepts from images is a central goal for computer vision. Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) models have lead to high definition and realistic image quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Maitreya Patel , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral , Yezhou Yang

Summarizing data samples by quantitative measures has a long history, with descriptive statistics being a case in point. However, as natural language processing methods flourish, there are still insufficient characteristic metrics to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Yi-An Lai , Xuan Zhu , Yi Zhang , Mona Diab

Although psycholinguists and psychologists have long studied the tendency of linguistic strings to evoke mental images in hearers or readers, most computational studies have applied this concept of imageability only to isolated words. Using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Si Wu , David A. Smith

Quality and diversity have been proposed as reasonable heuristics for assessing content generated by co-creative systems, but to date there has been little agreement around what constitutes the latter or how to measure it. Proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Francisco Ibarrola , Kazjon Grace

Automatically evaluating dialogue coherence is a challenging but high-demand ability for developing high-quality open-domain dialogue systems. However, current evaluation metrics consider only surface features or utterance-level semantics,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Lishan Huang , Zheng Ye , Jinghui Qin , Liang Lin , Xiaodan Liang

In text-to-image models, consistent character generation is the task of achieving text alignment while maintaining the subject's appearance across different prompts. However, since style and appearance are often entangled, the existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yohai Mazuz , Janna Bruner , Lior Wolf