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Reinforcement learning algorithms can solve dynamic decision-making and optimal control problems. With continuous-valued state and input variables, reinforcement learning algorithms must rely on function approximators to represent the value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Jiří Kubalík , Erik Derner , Jan Žegklitz , Robert Babuška

Symbolic regression is a type of discrete optimization problem that involves searching expressions that fit given data points. In many cases, other mathematical constraints about the unknown expression not only provide more information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Li Li , Minjie Fan , Rishabh Singh , Patrick Riley

Cross-validation is a statistical tool that can be used to improve large covariance matrix estimation. Although its efficiency is observed in practical applications and a convergence result towards the error of the non linear shrinkage is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Lamia Lamrani , Christian Bongiorno , Marc Potters

K-fold cross-validation (CV) with squared error loss is widely used for evaluating predictive models, especially when strong distributional assumptions cannot be taken. However, CV with squared error loss is not free from distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-10 Assaf Rabinowicz , Saharon Rosset

[RETRACTED]Data increasingly abounds, but distilling their underlying relationships down to something interpretable remains challenging. One approach is genetic programming, which `symbolically regresses' a data set down into an equation.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Amanda Bertschinger , James Bagrow , Joshua Bongard

We introduce a simple and scalable method for training Gaussian process (GP) models that exploits cross-validation and nearest neighbor truncation. To accommodate binary and multi-class classification we leverage P\`olya-Gamma auxiliary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-10 Martin Jankowiak , Geoff Pleiss

Recently, many datasets have been proposed to test the systematic generalization ability of neural networks. The companion baseline Transformers, typically trained with default hyper-parameters from standard tasks, are shown to fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Róbert Csordás , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber

We investigate the addition of constraints on the function image and its derivatives for the incorporation of prior knowledge in symbolic regression. The approach is called shape-constrained symbolic regression and allows us to enforce e.g.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Gabriel Kronberger , Fabricio Olivetti de França , Bogdan Burlacu , Christian Haider , Michael Kommenda

Model selection is a crucial issue in machine-learning and a wide variety of penalisation methods (with possibly data dependent complexity penalties) have recently been introduced for this purpose. However their empirical performance is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-12-11 Charanpal Dhanjal , Nicolas Baskiotis , Stéphan Clémençon , Nicolas Usunier

A common problem machine learning developers are faced with is overfitting, that is, fitting a pipeline too closely to the training data that the performance degrades for unseen data. Automated machine learning aims to free (or at least…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Benjamin Patrick Evans , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

Many promising approaches to symbolic regression have been presented in recent years, yet progress in the field continues to suffer from a lack of uniform, robust, and transparent benchmarking standards. In this paper, we address this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-02 William La Cava , Patryk Orzechowski , Bogdan Burlacu , Fabrício Olivetti de França , Marco Virgolin , Ying Jin , Michael Kommenda , Jason H. Moore

In this paper, we consider the problem of learning a linear regression model on a data domain of interest (target) given few samples. To aid learning, we are provided with a set of pre-trained regression models that are trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Navjot Singh , Suhas Diggavi

The growing volume of data makes the use of computationally intense machine learning techniques such as symbolic regression with genetic programming more and more impractical. This work discusses methods to reduce the training data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Lukas Kammerer , Gabriel Kronberger , Michael Kommenda

Cross-validation is a widely used technique for evaluating the performance of prediction models, ranging from simple binary classification to complex precision medicine strategies. It helps correct for optimism bias in error estimates,…

Despite the versatility of generalized linear mixed models in handling complex experimental designs, they often suffer from misspecification and convergence problems. This makes inference on the values of coefficients problematic. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-31 Angela Andreella , Jelle Goeman , Jesse Hemerik , Livio Finos

Symbolic regression (SR) is a powerful technique for discovering the analytical mathematical expression from data, finding various applications in natural sciences due to its good interpretability of results. However, existing methods face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Xieting Chu , Hongjue Zhao , Enze Xu , Hairong Qi , Minghan Chen , Huajie Shao

Neural networks' expressiveness comes at the cost of complex, black-box models that often extrapolate poorly beyond the domain of the training dataset, conflicting with the goal of finding compact analytic expressions to describe scientific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Owen Dugan , Rumen Dangovski , Allan Costa , Samuel Kim , Pawan Goyal , Joseph Jacobson , Marin Soljačić

Single-source domain generalization attempts to learn a model on a source domain and deploy it to unseen target domains. Limiting access only to source domain data imposes two key challenges - how to train a model that can generalize and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Nikos Efthymiadis , Giorgos Tolias , Ondřej Chum

We investigate the signal reconstruction performance of sparse linear regression in the presence of noise when piecewise continuous nonconvex penalties are used. Among such penalties, we focus on the SCAD penalty. The contributions of this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-08 Tomoyuki Obuchi , Ayaka Sakata

Compact symbolic expressions have been shown to be more efficient than neural network models in terms of resource consumption and inference speed when implemented on custom hardware such as FPGAs, while maintaining comparable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ho Fung Tsoi , Vladimir Loncar , Sridhara Dasu , Philip Harris