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The rise of Large Language Model (LLM) agents, augmented with tool use, skills, and external knowledge, has introduced new security risks. Among them, prompt injection attacks, where adversaries embed malicious instructions into the agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shihao Weng , Yang Feng , Jinrui Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Jiongchi Yu , Jia Liu

Natural language interfaces to structured databases are becoming increasingly common, largely due to advances in large language models (LLMs) that enable users to query data using conversational input rather than formal query languages such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Farzad Nourmohammadzadeh Motlagh , Mehrdad Hajizadeh , Mehryar Majd , Pejman Najafi , Feng Cheng , Christoph Meinel

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the future of cybersecurity through Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs). We explore LLM applications across various domains, including hardware design security, intrusion detection,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to many applications, with system prompts serving as a key mechanism to regulate model behavior and ensure ethical outputs. In this paper, we introduce a novel backdoor attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lu Yan , Siyuan Cheng , Xuan Chen , Kaiyuan Zhang , Guangyu Shen , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their impressive capabilities across domains, have been shown to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Prior backdoor strategies predominantly operate at the token level, where an injected trigger causes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Vu Tuan Truong , Long Bao Le

As the AI systems become deeply embedded in social media platforms, we've uncovered a concerning security vulnerability that goes beyond traditional adversarial attacks. It becomes important to assess the risks of LLMs before the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Nilanjana Das , Edward Raff , Aman Chadha , Manas Gaur

Powerful autonomous systems, which reason, plan, and converse using and between numerous tools and agents, are made possible by Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs), and new agentic AI systems, like LangChain and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Toqeer Ali Syed , Mishal Ateeq Almutairi , Mahmoud Abdel Moaty

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable and can now interact with tools (i.e., call functions), read documents, and recursively call themselves. As a result, these LLMs can now function autonomously as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Richard Fang , Rohan Bindu , Akul Gupta , Qiusi Zhan , Daniel Kang

Rapidly evolving cyberattacks demand incident response systems that can autonomously learn and adapt to changing threats. Prior work has extensively explored the reinforcement learning approach, which involves learning response strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yiran Gao , Kim Hammar , Tao Li

Deploying large language models (LLMs) as autonomous browser agents exposes a significant attack surface in the form of Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI). Cloud-based defenses can provide strong semantic analysis, but they introduce latency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Qianlong Lan , Anuj Kaul

Large Language Models (LLMs) are attracting significant research attention due to their instruction-following abilities, allowing users and developers to leverage LLMs for a variety of tasks. However, LLMs are vulnerable to prompt-injection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Julien Piet , Maha Alrashed , Chawin Sitawarin , Sizhe Chen , Zeming Wei , Elizabeth Sun , Basel Alomair , David Wagner

LLM-based programming assistants offer the promise of programming faster but with the risk of introducing more security vulnerabilities. Prior work has studied how LLMs could be maliciously fine-tuned to suggest vulnerabilities more often.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-17 John Heibel , Daniel Lowd

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping communication and operational practices across industries, but it also broadens the attack surface and increases susceptibility to security breaches. Artificial Intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Seif Ikbarieh , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significantly advanced capabilities in understanding and generating human language text, which have gained increasing popularity over recent years. Apart from their state-of-the-art natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yihe Zhou , Tao Ni , Wei-Bin Lee , Qingchuan Zhao

With the growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in critical areas, ensuring their security against jailbreaking attacks is paramount. While traditional defenses primarily rely on refusing malicious prompts, recent logit-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yassine Rachidy , Jihad Rbaiti , Youssef Hmamouche , Faissal Sehbaoui , Amal El Fallah Seghrouchni

Large Language Models (LLMs) are changing the way people interact with technology. Tools like ChatGPT and Claude AI are now common in business, research, and everyday life. But with that growth comes new risks, especially prompt-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Austin Howard

Recently, the powerful large language models (LLMs) have been instrumental in propelling the progress of recommender systems (RS). However, while these systems have flourished, their susceptibility to security threats has been largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jinghao Zhang , Yuting Liu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Guibing Guo , Liang Wang

Defenses against security threats have been an interest of recent studies. Recent works have shown that it is not difficult to attack a natural language processing (NLP) model while defending against them is still a cat-mouse game. Backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Sangeet Sagar , Abhinav Bhatt , Abhijith Srinivas Bidaralli

We surface a new threat to closed-weight Large Language Models (LLMs) that enables an attacker to compute optimization-based prompt injections. Specifically, we characterize how an attacker can leverage the loss-like information returned…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Andrey Labunets , Nishit V. Pandya , Ashish Hooda , Xiaohan Fu , Earlence Fernandes

Large Language Models (LLMs) have found widespread applications in various domains, including web applications, where they facilitate human interaction via chatbots with natural language interfaces. Internally, aided by an LLM-integration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Rodrigo Pedro , Daniel Castro , Paulo Carreira , Nuno Santos