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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, however, they remain critically vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit harmful responses violating human values and safety guidelines.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zhaoqi Wang , Zijian Zhang , Daqing He , Pengtao Kou , Xin Li , Jiamou Liu , Jincheng An , Yong Liu

Prompt injection poses a serious threat to the reliability and safety of LLM agents. Recent defenses against prompt injection, such as Instruction Hierarchy and SecAlign, have shown notable robustness against static attacks. However, to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yuxin Wen , Arman Zharmagambetov , Ivan Evtimov , Narine Kokhlikyan , Tom Goldstein , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Chuan Guo

Prompt injection attacks, where malicious input is designed to manipulate AI systems into ignoring their original instructions and following unauthorized commands instead, were first discovered by Preamble, Inc. in May 2022 and responsibly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Jeremy McHugh , Kristina Šekrst , Jon Cefalu

The Large Language Models (LLMs) are poised to offer efficient and intelligent services for future mobile communication networks, owing to their exceptional capabilities in language comprehension and generation. However, the extremely high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Haomiao Yang , Kunlan Xiang , Mengyu Ge , Hongwei Li , Rongxing Lu , Shui Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, and several defenses have recently been proposed, often claiming to mitigate these attacks successfully. However, we argue that existing studies lack a principled…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuqi Jia , Zedian Shao , Yupei Liu , Jinyuan Jia , Dawn Song , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Effective Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) relies upon accurately structured and semantically enriched information extracted from cybersecurity system logs. However, current methodologies often struggle to identify and interpret malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Luca Cotti , Anisa Rula , Devis Bianchini , Federico Cerutti

Large Language Models (LLMs) & Generative AI are transforming cybersecurity, enabling both advanced defenses and new attacks. Organizations now use LLMs for threat detection, code review, and DevSecOps automation, while adversaries leverage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kiarash Ahi , Vaibhav Agrawal , Saeed Valizadeh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agentic systems that plan, memorize, and act in open-world environments. This shift brings new security problems: failures are no longer only unsafe text generation, but can become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhihang Deng , Jiaping Gui , Weinan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, code generation, and complex planning. Simultaneously, Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have garnered attention for their potential to enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Can Zheng , Yuhan Cao , Xiaoning Dong , Tianxing He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly through instruction tuning, which enables broad task generalization without additional fine-tuning. However, their reliance on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 San Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Federated Learning (FL) is increasingly being adopted in military collaborations to develop Large Language Models (LLMs) while preserving data sovereignty. However, prompt injection attacks-malicious manipulations of input prompts-pose new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Youngjoon Lee , Taehyun Park , Yunho Lee , Jinu Gong , Joonhyuk Kang

As the frequency of cyber threats increases, conventional penetration testing is failing to capture the entirety of todays complex environments. To solve this problem, we propose the Vulnerability Mitigation System (VMS), a novel agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Farzana Abdulzada

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various applications by providing advanced natural language processing capabilities. However, this innovation introduces new cybersecurity challenges. This paper explores the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Stephen Burabari Tete

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable a new ecosystem with many downstream applications, called LLM applications, with different natural language processing tasks. The functionality and performance of an LLM application highly depend on its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Bo Hui , Haolin Yuan , Neil Gong , Philippe Burlina , Yinzhi Cao

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external tools and retrieval systems to autonomously complete complex tasks. However, this design exposes agents to indirect prompt injection (IPI), where attacker-controlled context…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Tian Zhang , Yiwei Xu , Juan Wang , Keyan Guo , Xiaoyang Xu , Bowen Xiao , Quanlong Guan , Jinlin Fan , Jiawei Liu , Zhiquan Liu , Hongxin Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to exhibit vulnerabilities to jailbreaking attacks: carefully crafted malicious inputs intended to circumvent safety guardrails and elicit harmful responses. As such, we present AutoAdv, a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Aashray Reddy , Andrew Zagula , Nicholas Saban

With the boom of Large Language Models (LLMs), the research of solving Math Word Problem (MWP) has recently made great progress. However, there are few studies to examine the security of LLMs in math solving ability. Instead of attacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Zihao Zhou , Qiufeng Wang , Mingyu Jin , Jie Yao , Jianan Ye , Wei Liu , Wei Wang , Xiaowei Huang , Kaizhu Huang

Log data are essential for intrusion detection and forensic investigations. However, manual log analysis is tedious due to high data volumes, heterogeneous event formats, and unstructured messages. Even though many automated methods for log…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Max Landauer , Wolfgang Hotwagner , Thorina Boenke , Florian Skopik , Markus Wurzenberger

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external tools (file operations, API calls, database transactions) to autonomously complete complex multi-step tasks. Practitioners deploy defense-trained models to protect against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Shawn Li , Yue Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks despite their impressive capabilities. Investigating these weaknesses is crucial for robust safety mechanisms. Existing attacks primarily distract LLMs by introducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Peng Ding , Jun Kuang , Wen Sun , Zongyu Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang
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