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We revisit the theory of importance weighted variational inference (IWVI), a promising strategy for learning latent variable models. IWVI uses new variational bounds, known as Monte Carlo objectives (MCOs), obtained by replacing intractable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-27 Pierre-Alexandre Mattei , Jes Frellsen

Variance reduction (VR) methods employ stochastic gradients with decreasing variance, and they have been widely applied to solve large-scale optimization problems in machine learning because of their efficiency. Existing theoretical studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yunwen Lei , Zimeng Wang , Xiaoming Yuan

(Stochastic) bilevel optimization is a frequently encountered problem in machine learning with a wide range of applications such as meta-learning, hyper-parameter optimization, and reinforcement learning. Most of the existing studies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Meng Ding , Mingxi Lei , Yunwen Lei , Di Wang , Jinhui Xu

We consider distributed stochastic variational inequalities (VIs) on unbounded domains with the problem data that is heterogeneous (non-IID) and distributed across many devices. We make a very general assumption on the computational network…

In this dissertation we study statistical and online learning problems from an optimization viewpoint.The dissertation is divided into two parts : I. We first consider the question of learnability for statistical learning problems in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-04-19 Karthik Sridharan

Noncooperative game-theoretic tools have been increasingly used to study many important resource allocation problems in communications, networking, smart grids, and portfolio optimization. In this paper, we consider a general class of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Gesualdo Scutari , Francisco Facchinei , Jong-Shi Pang , Daniel P. Palomar

In this paper, we consider first-order convergence theory and algorithms for solving a class of non-convex non-concave min-max saddle-point problems, whose objective function is weakly convex in the variables of minimization and weakly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-08 Mingrui Liu , Hassan Rafique , Qihang Lin , Tianbao Yang

While value iteration (VI) is a standard solution approach to simple stochastic games (SSGs), it suffered from the lack of a stopping criterion. Recently, several solutions have appeared, among them also "optimistic" VI (OVI). However, OVI…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Muqsit Azeem , Alexandros Evangelidis , Jan Křetínský , Alexander Slivinskiy , Maximilian Weininger

Variational analysis provides the theoretical foundations and practical tools for constructing optimization algorithms without being restricted to smooth or convex problems. We survey the central concepts in the context of a concrete but…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Johannes O. Royset

We study the unconstrained minimization of a smooth and strongly convex population loss function under a stochastic oracle that introduces both additive and multiplicative noise; this is a canonical and widely-studied setting that arises…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Liwei Jiang , Ashwin Pananjady

In this paper, we discuss variational inequality (VI) problems without monotonicity from the perspective of convergence of projection-type algorithms. In particular, we identify existing conditions as well as present new conditions that are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Kevin Huang , Shuzhong Zhang

Classically, a mainstream approach for solving a convex-concave min-max problem is to instead solve the variational inequality problem arising from its first-order optimality conditions. Is it possible to solve min-max problems faster by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Henry Shugart , Jason M. Altschuler

We consider a stochastic variational inequality (SVI) problem with a continuous and monotone mapping over a closed and convex set. In strongly monotone regimes, we present a variable sample-size averaging scheme (VS-Ave) that achieves a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-01 Afrooz Jalilzadeh , Uday V. Shanbhag

Monotone variational inequalities (VIs) provide a unifying framework for convex minimization, equilibrium computation, and convex-concave saddle-point problems. Extragradient-type methods are among the most effective first-order algorithms…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Lingqing Shen , Fatma Kılınç-Karzan

Most existing distance metric learning methods assume perfect side information that is usually given in pairwise or triplet constraints. Instead, in many real-world applications, the constraints are derived from side information, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Kaizhu Huang , Rong Jin , Zenglin Xu , Cheng-Lin Liu

Reasoning from diverse observations is a fundamental capability for generalist robot policies to operate in a wide range of environments. Despite recent advancements, many large-scale robotic policies still remain sensitive to key sources…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jonathan Yang , Chelsea Finn , Dorsa Sadigh

Approximating complex probability densities is a core problem in modern statistics. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Variational Inference (VI), a popular method in machine learning that uses optimization techniques to estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Ankush Ganguly , Samuel W. F. Earp

In this paper, we present a unified analysis of methods for such a wide class of problems as variational inequalities, which includes minimization problems and saddle point problems. We develop our analysis on the modified Extra-Gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Aleksandr Beznosikov , Alexander Gasnikov , Karina Zainulina , Alexander Maslovskiy , Dmitry Pasechnyuk

We show that natural classes of regularized learning algorithms with a form of recency bias achieve faster convergence rates to approximate efficiency and to coarse correlated equilibria in multiplayer normal form games. When each player in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-14 Vasilis Syrgkanis , Alekh Agarwal , Haipeng Luo , Robert E. Schapire

While flow matching is elegant, its reliance on single-sample conditional velocities leads to high-variance training targets that destabilize optimization and slow convergence. By explicitly characterizing this variance, we identify 1) a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Donglin Yang , Yongxing Zhang , Xin Yu , Liang Hou , Xin Tao , Pengfei Wan , Xiaojuan Qi , Renjie Liao