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A molecule's 2D representation consists of its atoms, their attributes, and the molecule's covalent bonds. A 3D (geometric) representation of a molecule is called a conformer and consists of its atom types and Cartesian coordinates. Every…

High-fidelity electron microscopy simulations required for quantitative crystal structure refinements face a fundamental challenge: while physical interactions are well-described theoretically, real-world experimental effects are…

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for molecular generation, particularly in the context of 3D molecular structures. Inspired by non-equilibrium statistical physics, these models can generate 3D molecular structures with…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Amira Alakhdar , Barnabas Poczos , Newell Washburn

Straight-forward conformation generation models, which generate 3-D structures directly from input molecular graphs, play an important role in various molecular tasks with machine learning, such as 3D-QSAR and virtual screening in drug…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-16 Shuwen Yang , Tianyu Wen , Ziyao Li , Guojie Song

Predicting low-energy molecular conformations given a molecular graph is an important but challenging task in computational drug discovery. Existing state-of-the-art approaches either resort to large scale transformer-based models that…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-31 Majdi Hassan , Nikhil Shenoy , Jungyoon Lee , Hannes Stark , Stephan Thaler , Dominique Beaini

Diffusion-based generative models have reformed generative AI, and also enabled new capabilities in the science domain, e.g., fast generation of 3D structures of molecules. In such tasks, there is often a symmetry in the system, identifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yixian Xu , Yusong Wang , Shengjie Luo , Kaiyuan Gao , Tianyu He , Di He , Chang Liu

Three dimensional electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) microscopy is a critical tool in many applications in materials science, yet its data quality can fluctuate greatly during the arduous collection process, particularly via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Harry Dong , Sean Donegan , Megna Shah , Yuejie Chi

We consider the conditional generation of 3D drug-like molecules with \textit{explicit control} over molecular properties such as drug-like properties (e.g., Quantitative Estimate of Druglikeness or Synthetic Accessibility score) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Haoran Liu , Youzhi Luo , Tianxiao Li , James Caverlee , Martin Renqiang Min

Fragment-based drug discovery has been an effective paradigm in early-stage drug development. An open challenge in this area is designing linkers between disconnected molecular fragments of interest to obtain chemically-relevant candidate…

3D molecule generation is crucial for drug discovery and material science, requiring models to process complex multi-modalities, including atom types, chemical bonds, and 3D coordinates. A key challenge is integrating these modalities of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yanchen Luo , Zhiyuan Liu , Yi Zhao , Sihang Li , Hengxing Cai , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tat-Seng Chua , Yang Zhang , Xiang Wang

Diffusion models have excelled in generating natural images and are now being adapted to a variety of data types, including graphs. However, conventional models often rely on Gaussian or categorical diffusion processes, which can struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Xinyang Liu , Yilin He , Bo Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Photonic crystals enable fine control over light propagation at the nanoscale, and thus play a central role in the development of photonic and quantum technologies. Photonic band diagrams (BDs) are a key tool to investigate light…

Video generation models have progressed tremendously through large latent diffusion transformers trained with rectified flow techniques. Yet these models still struggle with geometric inconsistencies, unstable motion, and visual artifacts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Orest Kupyn , Fabian Manhardt , Federico Tombari , Christian Rupprecht

Crystal Structure Prediction (CSP) remains a fundamental challenge with significant implications for the development of new materials and the advancement of various scientific disciplines. Recent developments have shown that generative…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yang Liu , Chuan Zhou , Shuai Zhang , Peng Zhang , Xixun Lin , Shirui Pan

Since its foundations, more than one hundred years ago, the field of structural biology has strived to understand and analyze the properties of molecules and their interactions by studying the structure that they take in 3D space. However,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-27 Gabriele Corso

Generating molecular structures with desired properties is a critical task with broad applications in drug discovery and materials design. We propose 3M-Diffusion, a novel multi-modal molecular graph generation method, to generate diverse,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Huaisheng Zhu , Teng Xiao , Vasant G Honavar

The generation of 3D molecules requires simultaneously deciding the categorical features~(atom types) and continuous features~(atom coordinates). Deep generative models, especially Diffusion Models (DMs), have demonstrated effectiveness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Yuxuan Song , Jingjing Gong , Minkai Xu , Ziyao Cao , Yanyan Lan , Stefano Ermon , Hao Zhou , Wei-Ying Ma

Protein complexes are macromolecules essential to the functioning and well-being of all living organisms. As the structure of a protein complex, in particular its region of interaction between multiple protein subunits (i.e., chains), has a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Alex Morehead , Xiao Chen , Tianqi Wu , Jian Liu , Jianlin Cheng

Extracting 3D atomic coordinates from spectroscopic data is a longstanding inverse problem. We present an equivariant diffusion model that generates site-specific 3D structures directly from near-edge spectra (ELNES/XANES). Trained on Si-O…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-02-19 Ren Okubo , Yu Fujikata , Izumi Takahara , Teruyasu Mizoguchi

The Gaussian diffusion model, initially designed for image generation, has recently been adapted for 3D point cloud generation. However, these adaptations have not fully considered the intrinsic geometric characteristics of 3D shapes,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Dengsheng Chen , Jie Hu , Xiaoming Wei , Enhua Wu