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For a given graph $R$, a graph $G$ is $R$-free if $G$ does not contain $R$ as an induced subgraph. It is known that every $2$-tough graph with at least three vertices has a $2$-factor. In graphs with restricted structures, it was shown that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-08 Elizabeth Grimm , Songling Shan , Anna Johnsen

For a graph (undirected, directed, or mixed), a cycle-factor is a collection of vertex-disjoint cycles covering the entire vertex set. Cycle-factors subject to parity constraints arise naturally in the study of structural graph theory and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Florian Hörsch , Csaba Király , Mirabel Mendoza-Cadena , Gyula Pap , Eszter Szabó , Yutaro Yamaguchi

A uniquely $k$-colourable graph is a graph with exactly one partition of the vertex set into at most $k$ colour classes. Here, we investigate some constructions of uniquely $k$-colourable graphs and give a construction of $K_k$-free…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-23 Samuel Mohr

Let G be a graph and let N_1, ..., N_k be k independent sets in G. The graph G is a k-probe cograph if G can be embedded into a cograph by adding edges between vertices that are contained in the same independent set. We show that there…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-02-03 Ton Kloks

Testing whether there is an induced path in a graph spanning k given vertices is already NP-complete in general graphs when k=3. We show how to solve this problem in polynomial time on claw-free graphs, when k is not part of the input but…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-12-15 Jiri Fiala , Marcin Kaminski , Bernard Lidicky , Daniel Paulusma

In this paper, we are concerned with sufficient conditions for the existence of a $\{P_{2},P_{2k+1}\}$-factor. We prove that for $k\geq 3$, there exists $\varepsilon_{k}>0$ such that if a graph $G$ satisfies $\sum_{0\leq j\leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-25 Yoshimi Egawa , Michitaka Furuya , Kenta Ozeki

Problems of existence, construction and estimation of parameters of interval colorings of complete k-partite graphs K_{n}^{k} are investigated.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-11-10 Rafael R. Kamalian , Petros A. Petrosyan

A graph of order $n$ is $p$-factor-critical, where $p$ is an integer of the same parity as $n$, if the removal of any set of $p$ vertices results in a graph with a perfect matching. 1-factor-critical graphs and 2-factor-critical graphs are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Wuyang Sun , Heping Zhang

We present an elementary construction of an uncountably chromatic graph without uncountable, infinitely connected subgraphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-20 Nathan Bowler , Max Pitz

This work re-examines a classical construction of a 2-connected (simple) graph where every intermediate graph is 2-connected before detailing an analogous construction for 3-connected graphs which requires a graph equivalence relation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-01 Jonathan McLaughlin

We study the reverse mathematics and computability of countable graph theory, obtaining the following results. The principle that every countable graph has a connected component is equivalent to $\mathsf{ACA}_0$ over $\mathsf{RCA}_0$. The…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-08-27 Kirill Gura , Jeffry L. Hirst , Carl Mummert

The recently introduced $\{k\}$-packing function problem is considered in this paper. Special relation between a case when $k=1$, $k\ge 2$ and linear programming relaxation is introduced with sufficient conditions for optimality. For…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-09 Jozef J. Kratica , Aleksandar Lj. Savić , Zoran Lj. Maksimović

A graph is ambiguously k-colorable if its vertex set admits two distinct partitions each into at most k anticliques. We give a full characterization of the maximally ambiguously k-colorable graphs in terms of quadratic matrices. As an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-28 Matthias Kriesell

We initiate the study of a new parameterization of graph problems. In a multiple interval representation of a graph, each vertex is associated to at least one interval of the real line, with an edge between two vertices if and only if an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-12-19 Fedor V. Fomin , Serge Gaspers , Petr Golovach , Karol Suchan , Stefan Szeider , Erik Jan van Leeuwen , Martin Vatshelle , Yngve Villanger

A graph $G$ is $k$-factor-critical if $G-S$ has a perfect matching for every subset $S \subseteq V(G)$ with $|S|=k$. A spanning subgraph $H$ of $G$ is called a $[1,b]$-odd factor if $b \equiv 1 \pmod{2}$ and $d_{H}(v) \in\left\lbrace 1, 3,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Jiaxu Zhong , Yong Lu

A $[k,n,1]$-graph is a $k$-partite graph with parts of order $n$ such that the bipartite graph induced by any pair of parts is a matching. An independent transversal in such a graph is an independent set that intersects each part in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-22 Raphael Yuster

Given a graph $G(V, E)$ and a positive integer $k$ ($k \geq 1$), a simple path on $k$ vertices is a sequence of $k$ vertices in which no vertex appears more than once and each consecutive pair of vertices in the sequence are connected by an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Thai Bui

We consider the class of directed graphs with $N\geq 1$ edges and without loops shorter than $k\geq1$. Using the concept of a labelled graph, we determine graphs from this class that maximize the number of all paths of length $k$. Then we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Piotr M. Hajac , Oskar M. Stachowiak

Comprehensible neural network explanations are foundations for a better understanding of decisions, especially when the input data are infused with malicious perturbations. Existing solutions generally mitigate the impact of perturbations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yicong Li , Kuanjiu Zhou , Shuo Yu , Qiang Zhang , Renqiang Luo , Xiaodong Li , Feng Xia

A graph $G$ is factored into graphs $H$ and $K$ via a matrix product if there exist adjacency matrices $A$, $B$, and $C$ of $G$, $H$, and $K$, respectively, such that $A = BC$. In this paper, we study the spectral aspects of the matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Saieed Akbari , Yi-Zheng Fan , Fu-Tao Hu , Babak Miraftab , Yi Wang
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