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Computational tools for rigorously verifying the performance of large-scale machine learning (ML) models have progressed significantly in recent years. The most successful solvers employ highly specialized, GPU-accelerated branch and bound…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Samuel Chevalier , Ilgiz Murzakhanov , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Ensuring the correct functionality of systems software, given its safety-critical and low-level nature, is a primary focus in formal verification research and applications. Despite advances in verification tooling, conventional programmers…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Yiyuan Cao , Jiayi Zhuang , Houjin Chen , Jinkai Fan , Wenbo Xu , Zhiyi Wang , Di Wang , Qinxiang Cao , Yingfei Xiong , Haiyan Zhao , Zhenjiang Hu

Formal verification of memory-manipulating programs critically depends on precise function specifications that capture memory states written by experts. This requirement has become a major bottleneck as large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Liao Zhang , Tong Chen , Xiwei Wu , Qi Liu , Xiyu Zhai , Xinqi Wang , Qinxiang Cao

Eliminating vulnerabilities from low-level code is vital for securing software. Static analysis is a promising approach for discovering vulnerabilities since it can provide developers early feedback on the code they write. But, it presents…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-04-07 Bhargava Shastry , Fabian Yamaguchi , Konrad Rieck , Jean-Pierre Seifert

Automated Vulnerability Repair (AVR) systems, especially those leveraging large language models (LLMs), have demonstrated promising results in patching vulnerabilities -- that is, if we trust their patch validation methodology. Ground-truth…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zheng Yu , Wenxuan Shi , Xinqian Sun , Zheyun Feng , Meng Xu , Xinyu Xing

Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly used for software development, yet existing benchmarks for LLM-based coding assistance do not reflect the constraints of High Energy Physics (HEP) and High Performance Computing (HPC) software.…

Verification of complex, safety-critical systems is a significant challenge. Manual testing and simulations are often used, but are only capable of exploring a subset of the system's reachable states. Formal methods are mathematically-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Matt Luckcuck , Marie Farrell , Oisín Sheridan , Rosemary Monahan

Architecture erosion has a detrimental effect on maintenance and evolution, as the implementation deviates from the intended architecture. Detecting symptoms of erosion, particularly architectural violations, at an early stage is crucial.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruiyin Li , Peng Liang , Paris Avgeriou

Heterogeneous parallel error detection is an approach to achieving fault-tolerant processors, leveraging multiple power-efficient cores to re-execute software originally run on a high-performance core. Yet, its complex components, gathering…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Zhe Jiang , Minli Liao , Sam Ainsworth , Dean You , Timothy Jones

Verification presents a major bottleneck in Integrated Circuit (IC) development, consuming nearly 70% of the total development effort. While the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) is widely used in industry to improve verification…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Junhao Ye , Yuchen Hu , Ke Xu , Dingrong Pan , Qichun Chen , Jie Zhou , Shuai Zhao , Xinwei Fang , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Current static verification techniques support a wide range of programs. However, such techniques only support complete and detailed specifications, which places an undue burden on users. To solve this problem, prior work proposed gradual…

Hardware flaws are permanent and potent: hardware cannot be patched once fabricated, and any flaws may undermine any software executing on top. Consequently, verification time dominates implementation time. The gold standard in hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Timothy Trippel , Kang G. Shin , Alex Chernyakhovsky , Garret Kelly , Dominic Rizzo , Matthew Hicks

Agile hardware development requires fast and accurate circuit quality evaluation from early design stages. Existing work of high-level synthesis (HLS) performance prediction usually needs extensive feature engineering after the synthesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Nan Wu , Hang Yang , Yuan Xie , Pan Li , Cong Hao

With semiconductor industry trend of smaller the better, from an idea to a final product, more innovation on product portfolio and yet remaining competitive and profitable are few criteria which are culminating into pressure and need for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-08-07 Abhishek Jain , Dr. Hima Gupta , Sandeep Jana , Krishna Kumar

The rapid scaling of large language model (LLM) training and inference has driven their adoption in semiconductor design across academia and industry. While most prior work evaluates LLMs on hardware description language (HDL) tasks,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Stefan Abi-Karam , Cong Hao

Current hardware security verification processes predominantly rely on manual threat modeling and test plan generation, which are labor-intensive, error-prone, and struggle to scale with increasing design complexity and evolving attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Dipayan Saha , Hasan Al Shaikh , Shams Tarek , Farimah Farahmandi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate requirements specifications, design documents, code, and test cases. In contrast, much less attention has been given to a more difficult assurance problem: statically verifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhi Quan Zhou , Dave Towey , Tsong Yueh Chen

Today's microprocessors have grown significantly in complexity and functionality. Most of today's processors provide at least three levels of memory hierarchy, are heavily pipelined, and support some sort of cache coherency protocol. These…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Mitul S Nagar , Haresh A Suthar , Chintan Panchal

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in Verilog generation from natural language description. However, ensuring the functional correctness of the generated code remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Ning Wang , Bingkun Yao , Jie Zhou , Yuchen Hu , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Quantum computing technology may soon deliver revolutionary improvements in algorithmic performance, but these are only useful if computed answers are correct. While hardware-level decoherence errors have garnered significant attention, a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Yuxiang Peng , Kesha Hietala , Runzhou Tao , Liyi Li , Robert Rand , Michael Hicks , Xiaodi Wu