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In this article, we address the prospects and key enabling technologies for highly efficient and accurate device positioning and tracking in 5G radio access networks. Building on the premises of ultra-dense networks as well as on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Mike Koivisto , Mário Costa , Janis Werner , Kari Heiska , Jukka Talvitie , Kari Leppänen , Visa Koivunen , Mikko Valkama

In the past few years, there has been a growing significance of interactions between human workers and automated systems throughout the factory floor. Wherever static or mobile robots, such as automated guided vehicles, operate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-21 Henry Beuster , Kevin Tebbe , Thomas Doebbert , Gerd Scholl

The IEEE 802.1 time-sensitive networking (TSN) standards aim at improving the real-time capabilities of standard Ethernet. TSN is widely recognized as the long-term replacement of proprietary technologies for industrial control systems.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Haochuan Shi , Adnan Aijaz , Nan Jiang

The integration of satellite communication into 5G has been formalized in 3GPP Release 17 through the specification of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), marking a significant step toward achieving global connectivity. However, the early-stage…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Lu Hou , Kan Zheng , Jie Mei , Cheng Huang

Testing Ultra-Wideband (UWB) systems is challenging, as multiple devices need to coordinate over lossy links and the systems' behavior is influenced by timing, synchronization, and environmental factors. Traditional testing is often…

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) submitted the 5G New Radio (NR) system specifications to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a candidate fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system (formally denoted as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Samer Henry , Ahmed Alsohaily , Elvino Sousa

The transition to 6G has driven significant updates to the 3GPP channel model, particularly in modeling UE antennas and user-induced blockage for handheld devices. The 3GPP Rel.19 revision of TR 38.901 introduces a more realistic framework…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Simon Svendsen , Dimitri Gold , Christian Rom , Volker Pauli , Vuokko Nurmela

High-precision positioning accuracy is among the key features of the future fifth-generation (5G-advanced) cellular networks to enable a wide variety of commercial, critical, and consumer use cases. 5G new radio (NR) systems have relied on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-15 Abdurrahman Fouda , Ryan Keating , Hyun-Su Cha

While the 5th generation (5G) of mobile networks has landed in the commercial area, the research community is exploring new functionalities for 6th generation (6G) networks, for example non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) via space/air nodes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Mattia Sandri , Matteo Pagin , Marco Giordani , Michele Zorzi

The deployment of 5G wireless communication services requires the installation of 5G next-generation Node-B Base Stations (gNBs) over the territory and the wide adoption of 5G User Equipment (UE). In this context, the population is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-06 Luca Chiaraviglio , Ahmed Elzanaty , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

This paper considers the localization problem in a 5G-aided global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based on real-time kinematic (RTK) technique. Specifically, the user's position is estimated based on the hybrid measurements, including…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-24 Pinjun Zheng , Xing Liu , Tarig Ballal , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Pervasive and high-accuracy positioning has become increasingly important as a fundamental enabler for intelligent connected devices in mobile networks. Nevertheless, current wireless networks heavily rely on pure model-driven techniques to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Shengheng Liu , Zihuan Mao , Xingkang Li , Mengguan Pan , Peng Liu , Yongming Huang , Xiaohu You

Constrained environments, such as indoor and urban settings, present a significant challenge for accurate moving object positioning due to the diminished line-of-sight (LoS)communication with the wireless anchor used for positioning. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-04 Qamar Bader , Sharief Saleh , Mohamed Elhabiby , Aboelmagd Noureldin

Standalone Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are known to provide positioning accuracy of a few meters in open sky conditions. This accuracy can drop significantly when the line-of-sight (LOS) paths to some GNSS satellites are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Zohair Abu-Shaban , Gonzalo Seco-Granados , Craig R. Benson , Henk Wymeersch

A robust and accurate positioning solution is required to increase the safety in GPS-denied environments. Although there is a lot of available research in this area, little has been done for confined environments such as tunnels. Therefore,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-02-19 Vladimir Savic , Javier Ferrer-Coll , Per Angskog , Jose Chilo , Peter Stenumgaard , Erik G. Larsson

High time resolution of ultra wideband (UWB) signals facilitates very precise positioning capabilities based on time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements. Although the theoretical lower bound for TOA estimation can be achieved by the maximum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Sinan Gezici , Zafer Sahinoglu , Andreas F. Molisch , Hisashi Kobayashi , H. Vincent Poor

Owing to the ubiquity of cellular communication signals, positioning with the fifth generation (5G) signal has emerged as a promising solution in global navigation satellite system-denied areas. Unfortunately, although the widely employed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-09 Mengguan Pan , Shengheng Liu , Peng Liu , Wangdong Qi , Yongming Huang , Wang Zheng , Qihui Wu , Markus Gardill

In Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-denied environments, terrestrial signals of opportunity (SoOP) offer an alternative for positioning, but synchronization impairments such as clock offsets, drift, and multipath limit performance.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Mustafa Furkan Beker , Abdullah Tan , Khaled Walid Elgammal , Mehmet Kemal Ozdemir

The roll out of new mobile network generations poses hard challenges due to various factors such as cost-benefit tradeoffs, existing infrastructure, and new technology aspects. In particular, one of the main challenges for the 5G deployment…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Paul Almasan , José Suárez-Varela , Andra Lutu , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio , Pere Barlet-Ros

Time synchronization is essential for industrial IoT and Industry 4.0/5.0 applications, but achieving high synchronization accuracy in Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)-5G networks is challenging due to jitter and asymmetric delays. 3GPP TS…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Julia Caleya-Sanchez , Pablo Muñoz , Jorge Sánchez-Garrido , Emilio Florentín , Felix Delgado-Ferro , Pablo Rodriguez-Martin , Pablo Ameigeiras