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Automated red-teaming has emerged as a scalable approach for auditing Large Language Models (LLMs) prior to deployment, yet existing approaches lack mechanisms to efficiently adapt to model-specific vulnerabilities at inference. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Christos Ziakas , Nicholas Loo , Nishita Jain , Alessandra Russo

Researches have shown that deep neural networks are vulnerable to malicious attacks, where adversarial images are created to trick a network into misclassification even if the images may give rise to totally different labels by human eyes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Yuzhen Ding , Nupur Thakur , Baoxin Li

Web agents, powered by large language models (LLMs), are increasingly deployed to automate complex web interactions. The rise of open-source frameworks (e.g., Browser Use, Skyvern-AI) has accelerated adoption, but also broadened the attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xinyi Wu , Geng Hong , Yueyue Chen , MingXuan Liu , Feier Jin , Xudong Pan , Jiarun Dai , Baojun Liu

Powerful autonomous systems, which reason, plan, and converse using and between numerous tools and agents, are made possible by Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs), and new agentic AI systems, like LangChain and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Toqeer Ali Syed , Mishal Ateeq Almutairi , Mahmoud Abdel Moaty

The increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in safety-critical applications raises fundamental challenges in systematically evaluating robustness against adversarial behaviors. Existing red-teaming practices are largely manual…

Task-oriented LLM-based agents are increasingly used in domains with strict policies, such as refund eligibility or cancellation rules. The challenge lies in ensuring that the agent consistently adheres to these rules and policies,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Itay Nakash , George Kour , Koren Lazar , Matan Vetzler , Guy Uziel , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks that lead to generation of inappropriate or harmful content. Manual red-teaming requires a time-consuming search for adversarial prompts, whereas automatic adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anselm Paulus , Arman Zharmagambetov , Chuan Guo , Brandon Amos , Yuandong Tian

Current research on decision-making in safety-critical scenarios often relies on inefficient data-driven scenario generation or specific modeling approaches, which fail to capture corner cases in real-world contexts. To address this issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yinsong Chen , Kaifeng Wang , Xiaoqiang Meng , Xueyuan Li , Zirui Li , Xin Gao

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks-based recommender systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where attackers can inject carefully crafted fake user profiles (i.e., a set of items that fake users have interacted with)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Jingfan Chen , Wenqi Fan , Guanghui Zhu , Xiangyu Zhao , Chunfeng Yuan , Qing Li , Yihua Huang

From automated intrusion testing to discovery of zero-day attacks before software launch, agentic AI calls for great promises in security engineering. This strong capability is bound with a similar threat: the security and research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Brian Challita , Pierre Parrend

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples which contain human-imperceptible perturbations. A series of defending methods, either proactive defence or reactive defence, have been proposed in the recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Derek Wang , Chaoran Li , Sheng Wen , Surya Nepal , Yang Xiang

Understanding the capabilities of text-to-image (T2I) models in harmful content generation is essential to safety and compliance. However, human red-teaming is costly and inconsistent, driving the need for automatic tools that simulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhi-Yi Chin , Pin-Yu Chen , Wei-Chen Chiu , Mario Fritz

In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (Deep RL) has been successfully implemented as a smart agent in many systems such as complex games, self-driving cars, and chat-bots. One of the interesting use cases of Deep RL is its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Foozhan Ataiefard , Hadi Hemmati

Prompt injection is one of the most critical vulnerabilities in LLM agents; yet, effective automated attacks remain largely unexplored from an optimization perspective. Existing methods heavily depend on human red-teamers and hand-crafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xin Chen , Jie Zhang , Florian Tramèr

We introduce RedDebate, a novel multi-agent debate framework that provides the foundation for Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify and mitigate their unsafe behaviours. Existing AI safety approaches often rely on costly human evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ali Asad , Stephen Obadinma , Radin Shayanfar , Xiaodan Zhu

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being ubiquitously adopted to automate processes in science and industry. However, due to its often intricate and opaque nature, AI has been shown to possess inherent vulnerabilities which can be maliciously…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mathew J. Walter , Aaron Barrett , Kimberly Tam

Text-to-image (T2I) models such as Stable Diffusion have advanced rapidly and are now widely used in content creation. However, these models can be misused to generate harmful content, including nudity or violence, posing significant safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zilong Wang , Xiang Zheng , Xiaosen Wang , Bo Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Agent hijacking, highlighted by OWASP as a critical threat to the Large Language Model (LLM) ecosystem, enables adversaries to manipulate execution by injecting malicious instructions into retrieved content. Most existing attacks rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Xinhao Deng , Jiaqing Wu , Miao Chen , Yue Xiao , Ke Xu , Qi Li

This work presents an attack-aware deepfake and image-forensics detector designed for robustness, well-calibrated probabilities, and transparent evidence under realistic deployment conditions. The method combines red-team training with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Noor Fatima , Hasan Faraz Khan , Muzammil Behzad

Recent advances have enabled LLM-powered AI agents to autonomously execute complex tasks by combining language model reasoning with tools, memory, and web access. But can these systems be trusted to follow deployment policies in realistic…