Related papers: Pythagoras Numbers for Ternary Forms

For a d-dimensional polyhedral complex P, the dimension of the space of piecewise polynomial functions (splines) on P of smoothness r and degree k is given, for k sufficiently large, by a polynomial f(P,r,k) of degree d. When d=2 and P is…

The maximal degree over rational numbers that an n-dimensinonal Kloosterman sum defined over a finite field of characteristic p can achieve is known to be (p-1)/d where d=gcd(p-1,n+1). Wan has shown that this maximal degree is always…

A beautiful result of Br\"ocker and Scheiderer on the stability index of basic closed semi-algebraic sets implies, as a very special case, that every $d$-dimensional polyhedron admits a representation as the set of solutions of at most…

We show that the Hermitian analogue of a famous result of Pfister fails. To do so we provide a Hermitian symmetric polynomial $r$ of total degree 2d such that any non-zero multiple of it cannot be written as a Hermitian sum of squares with…

Generalised Pythagorean triples are integer tuples $(x,y,z)$ satisfying the equation $E_{a,b,c}: ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0$. A significant amount of research has been devoted towards understanding generalised Pythagorean triples and, in particular,…

We prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the set $\mathbf{x}\in [0,1)^d$, such that $$ \left|\sum_{n=1}^N \exp\left(2 \pi i\left(x_1n+\ldots+x_d n^d\right)\right) \right|\ge c N^{1/2} $$ holds for infinitely many natural numbers $N$, is at…

For an integer $x$ let $t_x$ denote the triangular number $x(x+1)/2$. Following a recent work of Z. W. Sun, we show that every natural number can be written in any of the following forms with $x,y,z\in\Z$: $$x^2+3y^2+t_z, x^2+3t_y+t_z,…

For positive integers $a,b,c$, and an integer $n$, the number of integer solutions $(x,y,z) \in \mathbb Z^3$ of $a \frac{x(x-1)}{2} + b \frac{y(y-1)}{2} + c \frac{z(z-1)}{2} = n$ is denoted by $t(a,b,c;n)$. In this article, we prove some…

We show that for all real biquadratic fields not containing $\sqrt{2}$, $\sqrt{3}$, $\sqrt{5}$, $\sqrt{6}$, $\sqrt{7},$ and $\sqrt{13}$, the Pythagoras number of the ring of algebraic integers is at least $6$. We will also provide an upper…

Artin solved Hilbert's 17th problem, proving that a real polynomial in $n$ variables that is positive semidefinite is a sum of squares of rational functions, and Pfister showed that only $2^n$ squares are needed. In this paper, we…

Given $d\in\mathbb{N}$, let $\alpha(d)$ be the largest real number such that every abstract simplicial complex $\mathcal{S}$ with $0<\vert\mathcal{S}\vert\leq\alpha(d)\vert V(\mathcal{S})\vert$ has a vertex of degree at most $d$. We extend…

This is a note on the classical Waring's problem for several homogeneous forms. For positive integers (n,d,r,s), fix a general r-dimensional subspace of degree d forms in n+1 variables. We describe the family of s-sided polar polyhedra of…

The well know theorem of Tverberg states that if n > (d+1)(r-1) then one can partition any set of n points in R^d to r disjoint subsets whose convex hulls have a common point. The numbers T(d,r) = (d + 1)(r - 1) + 1 are known as Tverberg…

We show that a certain two-dimensional family of Weyl sums of length $P$ takes values as large as $P^{3/4 + o(1)}$ on almost all linear slices of the unit torus, contradicting a widely held expectation that Weyl sums should exhibit…

TD-Delaunay graphs, where TD stands for triangular distance, is a variation of the classical Delaunay triangulations obtained from a specific convex distance function. Bonichon et. al. noticed that every triangulation is the TD-Delaunay…

Generalized octagonal numbers are those $p_8(x)=x(3x-2)$ with $x\in\mathbb Z$. In this paper we mainly show that every positive integer can be written as the sum of four generalized octagonal numbers one of which is odd. This result is…

Hilbert proved in 1888 that a positive semidefinite (psd) real form is a sum of squares (sos) of real forms if and only if $n=2$ or $d=1$ or $(n,2d)=(3,4)$, where $n$ is the number of variables and $2d$ the degree of the form. We study the…

We study whether sufficiently large integers can be written in the form cp+T_x, where p is either zero or a prime congruent to r mod d, and T_x=x(x+1)/2 is a triangular number. We also investigate whether there are infinitely many positive…

We obtain a recursive formula for the number of rational degree $d$ curves in $\mathbb{P}^3$, whose image lies in a $\mathbb{P}^2$, passing through $r$ lines and $s$ points, where $r + 2s = 3d+2$. This can be viewed as a family version of…

In this paper we confirm a conjecture of Sun which states that each positive integer is a sum of a square, an odd square and a triangular number. Given any positive integer m, we show that p=2m+1 is a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4 if and…