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Diagnosis of a clinical condition is a challenging task, which often requires significant medical investigation. Previous work related to diagnostic inferencing problems mostly consider multivariate observational data (e.g. physiological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-05 Aaditya Prakash , Siyuan Zhao , Sadid A. Hasan , Vivek Datla , Kathy Lee , Ashequl Qadir , Joey Liu , Oladimeji Farri

Data Quality Monitoring (DQM) is a crucial component of particle physics experiments and ensures that the recorded data is of the highest quality, and suitable for subsequent physics analysis. Due to the extreme environmental conditions,…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-03-02 Juvenal Bassa , Arghya Chattopadhyay , Sudhir Malik , Mario Escabi Rivera

The discovery of patient-specific imaging markers that are predictive of future disease outcomes can help us better understand individual-level heterogeneity of disease evolution. In fact, deep learning models that can provide data-driven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Amar Kumar , Anjun Hu , Brennan Nichyporuk , Jean-Pierre R. Falet , Douglas L. Arnold , Sotirios Tsaftaris , Tal Arbel

The growing use of machine learning (ML) has raised concerns that an ML model may reveal private information about an individual who has contributed to the training dataset. To prevent leakage of sensitive data, we consider using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Yvonne Zhou , Mingyu Liang , Ivan Brugere , Dana Dachman-Soled , Danial Dervovic , Antigoni Polychroniadou , Min Wu

The growing gap between data and users calls for innovative tools that address the challenges faced by big data volume, velocity and variety. Along with these standard three V's of big data, an emerging fourth "V" is veracity, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-05-26 Jeremy Kepner , Vijay Gadepally , Pete Michaleas , Nabil Schear , Mayank Varia , Arkady Yerukhimovich , Robert K. Cunningham

Observational data in medicine arise as a result of the complex interaction between patients and the healthcare system. The sampling process is often highly irregular and itself constitutes an informative process. When using such data to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Vincent Jeanselme , Glen Martin , Niels Peek , Matthew Sperrin , Brian Tom , Jessica Barrett

Legal and ethical restrictions on accessing relevant data inhibit data science research in critical domains such as health, finance, and education. Synthetic data generation algorithms with privacy guarantees are emerging as a paradigm to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Mayana Pereira , Sikha Pentyala , Anderson Nascimento , Rafael T. de Sousa , Martine De Cock

We introduce a semi-parametric Bayesian model for survival analysis. The model is centred on a parametric baseline hazard, and uses a Gaussian process to model variations away from it nonparametrically, as well as dependence on covariates.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-04 Tamara Fernández , Nicolás Rivera , Yee Whye Teh

Motivation: Identification of genomic, molecular and clinical markers prognostic of patient survival is important for developing personalized disease prevention, diagnostic and treatment approaches. Modern omics technologies have made it…

Applications · Statistics 2024-03-05 Zhi Zhao , John Zobolas , Manuela Zucknick , Tero Aittokallio

Medical image-language pre-training aims to align medical images with clinically relevant text to improve model performance on various downstream tasks. However, existing models often struggle with the variability and ambiguity inherent in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Shreyank N Gowda , Ruichi Zhang , Xiao Gu , Ying Weng , Lu Yang

Estimating causal effects on time-to-event outcomes from observational data is particularly challenging due to censoring, limited sample sizes, and non-random treatment assignment. The need for answering such "when-if" questions--how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jessy Xinyi Han , Devavrat Shah

Scarcity of annotated data, particularly for rare or atypical morphologies, present significant challenges for cell and nuclei segmentation in computational pathology. While manual annotation is labor-intensive and costly, synthetic data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dominik Winter , Mai Bui , Monica Azqueta Gavaldon , Nicolas Triltsch , Marco Rosati , Nicolas Brieu

Although synthetic data is widely promoted as a remedy, its prevailing production paradigm -- one optimizing for statistical smoothness -- systematically removes the long-tail, cognitively grounded irregularities that characterize human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Zhongjie Jiang

Conditional masked language model (CMLM) training has proven successful for non-autoregressive and semi-autoregressive sequence generation tasks, such as machine translation. Given a trained CMLM, however, it is not clear what the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Julia Kreutzer , George Foster , Colin Cherry

Masked image modeling (MIM) has attracted much research attention due to its promising potential for learning scalable visual representations. In typical approaches, models usually focus on predicting specific contents of masked patches,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Haochen Wang , Kaiyou Song , Junsong Fan , Yuxi Wang , Jin Xie , Zhaoxiang Zhang

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Survival analysis plays a crucial role in understanding time-to-event (survival) outcomes such as disease progression. Despite recent advancements in causal mediation frameworks for survival analysis, existing methods are typically based on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-07 Seungjun Ahn , Weijia Fu , Maaike van Gerwen , Lei Liu , Zhigang Li

Constructing dataset for fashion style recognition is challenging due to the inherent subjectivity and ambiguity of style concepts. Recent advances in text-to-image models have facilitated generative data augmentation by synthesizing images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu

Patient-trial matching requires reasoning over long, heterogeneous electronic health records (EHRs) and complex eligibility criteria, posing significant challenges for scalability, generalization, and computational efficiency. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiaodi Li , Yang Xiao , Munhwan Lee , Konstantinos Leventakos , Young J. Juhn , David Jones , Terence T. Sio , Wei Liu , Maria Vassilaki , Nansu Zong

Motivation: Survival analysis is a branch of statistics that is crucial in medicine for modeling the time to critical events such as death or relapse, in order to improve treatment strategies and patient outcomes. Selecting survival models…

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