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We consider inhomogeneous square random matrices of size $N$ with independent entries of mean 0 and finite variance. We assume that the variance profile of this matrix is doubly stochastic and has a band-like structure with an appropriately…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Yi Han

We prove the circular law for a class of non-Hermitian random block band matrices with genuinely sublinear bandwidth. Namely, we show there exists $\tau \in (0,1)$ so that if the bandwidth of the matrix $X$ is at least $n^{1-\tau}$ and the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Vishesh Jain , Indrajit Jana , Kyle Luh , Sean O'Rourke

We consider the empirical eigenvalue distribution for a class of non-Hermitian random block tridiagonal matrices $T$ with independent entries. The matrix has $n$ blocks on the diagonal and each block has size $\ell_n$, so the whole matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Yi Han

Consider $N\times N$ symmetric one-dimensional random band matrices with general distribution of the entries and band width $W \geq N^{3/4+\varepsilon}$ for any $\varepsilon>0$. In the bulk of the spectrum and in the large $N$ limit, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-07-05 Paul Bourgade , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

A well-known result in random matrix theory, proven by Kahn, Koml\'os and Szemer\'edi in 1995, states that a square random matrix with i.i.d. uniform $\{\pm 1\}$ entries is invertible with probability $1-\exp(-\Omega(n))$. As a natural…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Yi Han

It is well known that the spectral measure of eigenvalues of a rescaled square non-Hermitian random matrix with independent entries satisfies the circular law. We consider the product $TX$, where $T$ is a deterministic $N\times M$ matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-17 Haokai Xi , Fan Yang , Jun Yin

We consider a general class of $N\times N$ random matrices whose entries $h_{ij}$ are independent up to a symmetry constraint, but not necessarily identically distributed. Our main result is a local semicircle law which improves previous…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-05-28 Laszlo Erdos , Antti Knowles , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

Given an $n \times n$ complex matrix $A$, let $$\mu_{A}(x,y):= \frac{1}{n} |\{1\le i \le n, \Re \lambda_i \le x, \Im \lambda_i \le y\}|$$ be the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) of its eigenvalues $\lambda_i \in \BBC, i=1, ... n$. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-04-24 Terence Tao , Van Vu , Manjunath Krishnapur

Consider an $ N \times N$ Hermitian one-dimensional random band matrix with band width $W > N^{1 / 2 + \frak c} $ for any $ {\frak c} > 0$. In the bulk of the spectrum and in the large $ N $ limit, we obtain the following results: (i) The…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-22 Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

We consider $n\times n$ non-Hermitian random matrices with independent entries and a variance profile, as well as an additive deterministic diagonal deformation. We show that their empirical eigenvalue distribution converges to a limiting…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-11 Johannes Alt , Torben Krüger

These expository notes are centered around the circular law theorem, which states that the empirical spectral distribution of a nxn random matrix with i.i.d. entries of variance 1/n tends to the uniform law on the unit disc of the complex…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-03-14 Charles Bordenave , Djalil Chafai

We consider products of independent square non-Hermitian random matrices. More precisely, let X(1),...,X(n) be random matrices with independent entries (real or complex with independent real and imaginary parts) with zero mean and variance…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-11 Yuriy Nemish

The circular law asserts that the spectral measure of eigenvalues of rescaled random matrices without symmetry assumption converges to the uniform measure on the unit disk. We prove a local version of this law at any point $z$ away from the…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-05 Paul Bourgade , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

We consider a general class of random matrices whose entries are centred random variables, independent up to a symmetry constraint. We establish precise high-probability bounds on the averages of arbitrary monomials in the resolvent matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-05 Laszlo Erdos , Antti Knowles , Horng-Tzer Yau

Let $\a$ be a complex random variable with mean zero and bounded variance $\sigma^{2}$. Let $N_{n}$ be a random matrix of order $n$ with entries being i.i.d. copies of $\a$. Let $\lambda_{1}, ..., \lambda_{n}$ be the eigenvalues of…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-02-29 Terence Tao , Van Vu

Consider an ensemble of $N\times N$ non-Hermitian matrices in which all entries are independent identically distributed complex random variables of mean zero and absolute mean-square one. If the entry distributions also possess bounded…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 B. Rider , Jack W. Silverstein

We consider large random matrices $X$ with centered, independent entries which have comparable but not necessarily identical variances. Girko's circular law asserts that the spectrum is supported in a disk and in case of identical…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-04-14 Johannes Alt , Laszlo Erdos , Torben Krüger

We consider Hermitian random band matrices $H=(h_{xy})$ on the $d$-dimensional lattice $(\mathbb Z/L \mathbb Z)^d$, where the entries $h_{xy}=\overline h_{yx}$ are independent centered complex Gaussian random variables with variances…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-26 Changji Xu , Fan Yang , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

We study a random band matrix $H=(H_{xy})_{x,y}$ of dimension $N\times N$ with mean-zero complex Gaussian entries, where $x,y$ belong to the discrete torus $(\mathbb{Z}/\sqrt{N}\mathbb{Z})^{2}$. The variance profile…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Sofiia Dubova , Kevin Yang , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

The famous \emph{circular law} asserts that if $M_n$ is an $n \times n$ matrix with iid complex entries of mean zero and unit variance, then the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) of the normalized matrix $\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} M_n$…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-01 Terence Tao , Van Vu
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