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The precise control of complex quantum systems promises numerous technological applications including digital quantum computing. The complexity of such devices renders the certification of their correct functioning a challenge. To address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Martin Kliesch , Ingo Roth

In the quantum computation verification problem, a quantum server wants to convince a client that the output of evaluating a quantum circuit $C$ is some result that it claims. This problem is considered very important both theoretically and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Jiayu Zhang

Accurate and tamper-resistant timestamps are essential for applications demanding verifiable chronological ordering, such as legal documentation and digital intellectual property protection. Classical timestamp protocols rely on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Ming-Yang Li , Chen-Xun Weng , Wen-Bo Liu , Mengya Zhu , Zeng-Bing Chen

Continuous-variable quantum information, encoded into infinite-dimensional quantum systems, is a promising platform for the realization of many quantum information protocols, including quantum computation, quantum metrology, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-17 Ya-Dong Wu , Ge Bai , Giulio Chiribella , Nana Liu

This paper presents a new method for quantum identity authentication (QIA) protocols. The logic of classical zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) due to Schnorr is applied in quantum circuits and algorithms. This novel approach gives an exact way…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Mark Carney

Transmitting information about quantum states over classical noisy channels is an important problem with applications to science, computing, and sensing. This task, however, poses fundamental challenges due to the exponential scaling of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Nikhitha Nunavath , Jiechen Chen , Osvaldo Simeone , Riccardo Bassoli , Frank H. P. Fitzek

Full quantum tomography of high-dimensional quantum systems is experimentally infeasible due to the exponential scaling of the number of required measurements on the number of qubits in the system. However, several ideas were proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 G. I. Struchalin , Ya. A. Zagorovskii , E. V. Kovlakov , S. S. Straupe , S. P. Kulik

Reconstructing the state of a complex quantum system represents a pivotal task for all quantum information applications, both for characterization purposes and for verification of quantum protocols. Recent technological developments have…

Quantum annealing (QA) is an efficient method for finding the ground-state energy of the problem Hamiltonian. However, in practical implementation, the system suffers from decoherence. On the other hand, recently, ``Localized virtual…

With experimental quantum computing technologies now in their infancy, the search for efficient means of testing the correctness of these quantum computations is becoming more pressing. An approach to the verification of quantum computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Matty J. Hoban , Elham Kashefi

We present and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to verification and benchmarking of quantum computing, implementing it on an ion-trap quantum computer. Unlike previous information-theoretically secure verification protocols,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-06 Cica Gustiani , Dominik Leichtle , Daniel Mills , Jonathan Miller , Ross Grassie , Elham Kashefi

Shadow tomography is a framework for constructing succinct descriptions of quantum states using randomized measurement bases, called classical shadows, with powerful methods to bound the estimators used. We recast existing experimental…

Extracting information efficiently from quantum systems is a major component of quantum information processing tasks. Randomized measurements, or classical shadows, enable predicting many properties of arbitrary quantum states using few…

We introduce a general mapping for encoding quantum communication protocols involving pure states of multiple qubits, unitary transformations, and projective measurements into another set of protocols that employ coherent states of light in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-05 Juan Miguel Arrazola , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Characterization of quantum states is a fundamental requirement in quantum science and technology. As a promising framework, shadow tomography shows significant efficiency in estimating linear functions, however, for the challenging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-19 Xu-Jie Peng , Qing Liu , Lu Liu , Ting Zhang , You Zhou , He Lu

We study the estimation of the overlap between two unknown pure quantum states of a finite dimensional system, given $M$ and $N$ copies of each type. This is a fundamental primitive in quantum information processing that is commonly…

Boson sampling is a sub-universal model used to show quantum speed-up. However, the methods of validation to prove quantum speedup are not robust and accurate. All verification methods involve additional or little studied assumptions. Here,…

Quantum inspired protocols e.g. [AAV13,AG17] attempt to achieve a single-prover interactive protocol where a classical machine can verify quantum computations in an information-theoretically secure manner. We define a family of protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-14 Ayal Green

We introduce a protocol between a classical polynomial-time verifier and a quantum polynomial-time prover that allows the verifier to securely delegate to the prover the preparation of certain single-qubit quantum states. The protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-15 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Thomas Vidick

Efficient verification of entangled states is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing. However, the effectiveness of standard quantum state verification (QSV) is based on the condition of independent and identical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Wen-Hao Zhang , Zihao Li , Gong-Chu Li , Xu-Song Hong , Huangjun Zhu , Geng Chen , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo