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Classical Shadow Tomography (Huang, Kueng and Preskill, Nature Physics 2020) is a method for creating a classical snapshot of an unknown quantum state, which can later be used to predict the value of an a-priori unknown observable on that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Zvika Brakerski , Nir Magrafta , Tomer Solomon

Demonstrating quantum superiority for some computational task will be a milestone for quantum technologies and would show that computational advantages are possible not only with a universal quantum computer but with simpler physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-06 Juan Miguel Arrazola , Eleni Diamanti , Iordanis Kerenidis

Quantum state tomography (QST) remains the prevailing method for benchmarking and verifying quantum devices; however, its application to large quantum systems is rendered impractical due to the exponential growth in both the required number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Zhen Qin , Joseph M. Lukens , Brian T. Kirby , Zhihui Zhu

With the advent of quantum cloud computing, the security of delegated quantum computation has become of utmost importance. While multiple statistically secure blind verification schemes in the prepare-and-send model have been proposed, none…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Dominik Leichtle , Luka Music , Harold Ollivier

The quantum component in uncertainty relation can be naturally characterized by the quantum coherence of a quantum state, which is of paramount importance in quantum information science. Here, we experimentally investigate quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-25 Lu Liu , Ting Zhang , Xiao Yuan , He Lu

Mitigating errors in quantum information processing devices is especially important in the absence of fault tolerance. An effective method in suppressing state-preparation errors is using multiple copies to distill the ideal component from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Alireza Seif , Ze-Pei Cian , Sisi Zhou , Senrui Chen , Liang Jiang

Quantum state readout serves as the cornerstone of quantum information processing, exerting profound influence on quantum communication, computation, and metrology. In this study, we introduce an innovative readout architecture called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-21 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Shuo Zhang , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Detection of entanglement is an indispensable step to practical quantum computation and communication. Compared with the conventional entanglement witness method based on fidelity, we propose a flexible, machine learning assisted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-11 Jue Xu , Qi Zhao

Classical shadows provide a versatile framework for estimating many properties of quantum states from repeated, randomly chosen measurements without requiring full quantum state tomography. When prior information is available, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Jacob Bringewatt , Henry Froland , Andreas Elben , Niklas Mueller

We propose a security verification framework for cryptographic protocols using machine learning. In recent years, as cryptographic protocols have become more complex, research on automatic verification techniques has been focused on. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Kentaro Ohno , Misato Nakabayashi

Classical shadow tomography has emerged as a powerful framework for predicting properties of quantum many-body systems with favorable sample complexity. Standard theoretical guarantees, however, rely on the assumption that experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Leonardo Zambrano

Quantum state verification (QSV) and quantum data hiding (QDH) have so far been studied separately. QSV decides whether a given quantum state is close to the ideal one, with significantly lower sample complexity compared with direct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Seiseki Akibue , Yuki Takeuchi

In a world where elections touch every aspect of society, the need for secure voting is paramount. Traditional safeguards, based on classical cryptography, rely on complex math problems like factoring large numbers. However, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-01 Saiyam Sakhuja , S. Balakrishnan

Benchmarking the performance of quantum error correction codes in physical systems is crucial for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Current methodologies, such as (shadow) tomography or direct fidelity estimation, fall short in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-17 Junjie Chen , Pei Zeng , Qi Zhao , Xiongfeng Ma , You Zhou

Classical shadows are a computationally efficient approach to storing quantum states on a classical computer for the purposes of estimating expectation values of local observables, obtained by performing repeated random measurements. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Saumya Shivam , C. W. von Keyserlingk , S. L. Sondhi

Quantum computers promise to efficiently solve not only problems believed to be intractable for classical computers, but also problems for which verifying the solution is also considered intractable. This raises the question of how one can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-10 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Theodoros Kapourniotis , Elham Kashefi

Efficiently learning expectation values of a quantum state using classical shadow tomography has become a fundamental task in quantum information theory. In a classical shadows protocol, one measures a state in a chosen basis W after it has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Maxwell West , Antonio Anna Mele , Martin Larocca , M. Cerezo

We present two verification protocols where the correctness of a "target" computation is checked by means of "trap" computations that can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. Our protocols rely on a minimal set of noise-free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-23 Samuele Ferracin , Theodoros Kapourniotis , Animesh Datta

Analog quantum simulation is an essential routine for quantum computing and plays a crucial role in studying quantum many-body physics. Typically, the quantum evolution of an analog simulator is largely determined by its physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Zhenhuan Liu , Zihan Hao , Hong-Ye Hu

Accurately estimating the overlap between quantum states is a fundamental task in quantum information processing. While various strategies using distinct quantum measurements have been proposed for overlap estimation, the lack of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Hao Zhan , Ben Wang , Minghao Mi , Jie Xie , Liang Xu , Aonan Zhang , Lijian Zhang