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This work focuses on advancing security research in the hardware design space by formally defining the realistic problem of Hardware Trojan (HT) detection. The goal is to model HT detection more closely to the real world, i.e., describing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Amin Sarihi , Ahmad Patooghy , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy , Peter Jamieson

Hardware Trojans (HTs) have become a serious problem, and extermination of them is strongly required for enhancing the security and safety of integrated circuits. An effective solution is to identify HTs at the gate level via machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Kento Hasegawa , Seira Hidano , Kohei Nozawa , Shinsaku Kiyomoto , Nozomu Togawa

Industrial Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) often comprise hundreds of thousands to millions of nets and millions to tens of millions of connectivity edges, making empirical evaluation of hardware-Trojan (HT) detectors on realistic designs both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yaroslav Popryho , Debjit Pal , Inna Partin-Vaisband

The globalization of the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain has moved most of the design, fabrication, and testing process from a single trusted entity to various untrusted third-party entities around the world. The risk of using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Rozhin Yasaei , Luke Chen , Shih-Yuan Yu , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

A major security threat to an integrated circuit (IC) design is the Hardware Trojan attack which is a malicious modification of the design. Previously several papers have investigated into side-channel analysis to detect the presence of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Samir R Katte , Keith E Fernandez

The emergence of distributed manufacturing ecosystems for electronic hardware involving untrusted parties has given rise to diverse trust issues. In particular, IP piracy, overproduction, and hardware Trojan attacks pose significant threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Abhishek Nair , Patanjali SLPSK , Chester Rebeiro , Swarup Bhunia

Hardware Trojans (HTs) threaten the trust and reliability of integrated circuits (ICs), particularly when triggered HTs remain dormant during standard testing and activate only under rare conditions. Existing electromagnetic (EM)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mahsa Tahghigh , Hassan Salmani

Hardware Trojans (HTs) have drawn more and more attention in both academia and industry because of its significant potential threat. In this paper, we proposed a novel HT detection method using information entropy based clustering, named…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Renjie Lu , Haihua Shen , Feng Zhang , Huawei Li , Wei Zhao , Xiaowei Li

Hardware trojans are malicious circuits which compromise the functionality and security of an integrated circuit (IC). These circuits are manufactured directly into the silicon and cannot be fixed by security patches like software. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Paul Whitten , Francis Wolff , Chris Papachristou

The globalization of the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain, driven by time-to-market and cost considerations, has made ICs vulnerable to hardware Trojans (HTs). Against this threat, a promising approach is to use Machine Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Behnam Omidi , Khaled N. Khasawneh , Ihsen Alouani

Conventional Hardware Trojan (HT) detection techniques are based on the validation of integrated circuits to determine changes in their functionality, and on non-invasive side-channel analysis to identify the variations in their physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-10 Imran Hafeez Abbassi , Faiq Khalid , Semeen Rehman , Awais Mehmood Kamboh , Axel Jantsch , Siddharth Garg , Muhammad Shafique

Globalization in the semiconductor industry enables fabless design houses to reduce their costs, save time, and make use of newer technologies. However, the offshoring of Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication has negative sides, including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Mohammad Eslami , Tara Ghasempouri , Samuel Pagliarini

As the semiconductor industry has shifted to a fabless paradigm, the risk of hardware Trojans being inserted at various stages of production has also increased. Recently, there has been a growing trend toward the use of machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Rahul Vishwakarma , Amin Rezaei

Software-exploitable Hardware Trojans (HTs) enable attackers to execute unauthorized software or gain illicit access to privileged operations. This manuscript introduces a hardware-based methodology for detecting runtime HT activations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Alessandro Palumbo , Ruben Salvador

In the evolving landscape of integrated circuit design, detecting Hardware Trojans (HTs) within a multi entity based design cycle presents significant challenges. This research proposes an innovative machine learning-based methodology for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Anindita Chattopadhyay , Siddharth Bisariya , Vijay Kumar Sutrakar

Economic and operational advantages have led the supply chain of printed circuit boards (PCBs) to incorporate various untrusted entities. Any of the untrusted entities are capable of introducing malicious alterations to facilitate a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Tamzidul Hoque , Shuo Yang , Aritra Bhattacharyay , Jonathan Cruz , Swarup Bhunia

There are increasing concerns about possible malicious modifications of integrated circuits (ICs) used in critical applications. Such attacks are often referred to as hardware Trojans. While many techniques focus on hardware Trojan…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Tony F. Wu , Karthik Ganesan , Yunqing Alexander Hu , H. -S. Philip Wong , Simon Wong , Subhasish Mitra

Due to the ever-growing demands for electronic chips in different sectors the semiconductor companies have been mandated to offshore their manufacturing processes. This unwanted matter has made security and trustworthiness of their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Md Mahfuz Al Hasan , Mohammad Tahsin Mostafiz , Thomas An Le , Jake Julia , Nidish Vashistha , Shayan Taheri , Navid Asadizanjani

In the fourth industrial revolution, securing the protection of the supply chain has become an ever-growing concern. One such cyber threat is a hardware Trojan (HT), a malicious modification to an IC. HTs are often identified in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Kento Hasegawa , Kazuki Yamashita , Seira Hidano , Kazuhide Fukushima , Kazuo Hashimoto , Nozomu Togawa

A potential vulnerability for integrated circuits (ICs) is the insertion of hardware trojans (HTs) during manufacturing. Understanding the practicability of such an attack can lead to appropriate measures for mitigating it. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Alexander Hepp , Tiago Perez , Samuel Pagliarini , Georg Sigl
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