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Uncertainty levels in forecasting of renewable generation and demand are known to affect the amount of reserve required to operate the power grid with a given level of reliability. In this paper, we quantify the effects on the system…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-06-18 Yihui Zuo , Fabrizio Sossan , Mokhtar Bozorg , Mario Paolone

One of the most important challenges in the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid lies in their `intermittent' nature. The power output of sources like wind and solar varies with time and location due to factors that…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2011-10-21 Yashodhan Kanoria , Andrea Montanari , David Tse , Baosen Zhang

Inverter-based resources (IBR) have been widely studied for their advantages on the current power systems. This increase in the penetration of renewable energy has raised some concerns about the stability of the existing grid. Historically,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Mohammed F. Allehyani , Mohamed Abuagreb , Brian K. Johnson

The ongoing energy transition challenges the stability of the electrical power system. Stable operation of the electrical power grid requires both the voltage (amplitude) and the frequency to stay within operational bounds. While much…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-07 Eder Batista Tchawou Tchuisseu , Eric-Donald Ndogmo , Pavel Procházka , Paul Woafo , Pere Colet , Benjamin Schäfer

In this paper, we present an analogy for a power system dominated by grid-forming (GFM) sources that proves to be a powerful visualization tool for analyses of power flow, frequency regulation, and power dispatch. Frequency droop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Minghui Lu , Brett Ross

Declines in cost and concerns about the environmental impact of traditional generation have boosted the penetration of renewables and non-conventional distributed energy resources into the power grid. The intermittent availability of these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-10 Priyank Srivastava , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez , Jorge Cortes

In this paper, we investigate the distributed load frequency control problem in a multi-area smart grid under external load disturbances and measurement noise. The novelty lies in that the information privacy is fully taken into account,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Wenjing Yang , Zhaorong Zhang , Xun Li , Juanjuan Xu

This paper introduces a control strategy to simultaneously achieve asymptotic stabilization and transient frequency regulation of power networks. The control command is generated by iteratively solving an open-loop control cost minimization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-13 Yifu Zhang , Jorge Cortes

This paper developed a novel control approach for the sparse and safe frequency regulation for inverter intensive microgrids (MGs). In the scenario, the inverters and external grids are expected to reach a synchronized desired frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Junhui Zhang , Lizhi Ding , Xiaonan Lu , Wenyuan Tang

The electric grid is undergoing a major transition from fossil fuel-based power generation to renewable energy sources, typically interfaced to the grid via power electronics. The future power systems are thus expected to face increased…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-13 Ognjen Stanojev , Ognjen Kundacina , Uros Markovic , Evangelos Vrettos , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug

In this paper we propose a distributed dynamic controller for sharing frequency control reserves of asynchronous AC systems connected through a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grid. We derive sufficient stability conditions, which guarantee that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-15 Martin Andreasson , Roger Wiget , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Karl H. Johansson , Göran Andersson

Inverter-based distributed energy resources facilitate the advanced voltage control algorithms in the online setting with the flexibility in both active and reactive power injections. A key challenge is to continuously track the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-03 Peng Zhang , Baosen Zhang

We propose a novel frequency control approach in between centralized and distributed architectures, that is a continuous-time feedback control version of the dual decomposition optimization method. Specifically, a convex combination of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-10 Florian Dörfler , Sergio Grammatico

The increase of electric demand and the progressive integration of renewable sources threatens the stability of the power grid. To solve this issue, several methods have been proposed to control the demand side instead of increasing the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Eder Batista Tchawou Tchuisseu , Damià Gomila , Pere Colet

Modern power networks face increasing challenges in controlling their transient frequency behavior at acceptable levels due to low inertia and highly-dynamic units. This paper presents a distributed control strategy regulated on a subset of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-20 Yifu Zhang , Jorge Cortes

A major transition in modern power systems is the replacement of conventional generation units with renewable sources of energy. The latter results in lower rotational inertia which compromises the stability of the power system, as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-15 Andreas Kasis , Stelios Timotheou , Marios Polycarpou

This paper addresses the distributed optimal frequency control of power systems considering a network-preserving model with nonlinear power flows and excitation voltage dynamics. Salient features of the proposed distributed control strategy…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Zhaojian Wang , Feng Liu , John Z. F. Pang , Steven Low , Shengwei Mei

This paper proposes a coherency control strategy for Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) to establish coherence among power system devices. Using the equivalence of the Complex Frequency (CF) of the injected currents as the definition for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Rodrigo Bernal , Ignacio Ponce , Federico Milano

The frequency stability of a power system is of paramount importance, as a fast frequency swings in the system can lead to oscillatory instability, and thereby blackouts. A grid-connected microgrid, that can operate in the islanded mode can…

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources exacerbates the spatial and temporal differences in frequency across the power system, posing a serious challenge to the accurate and efficient assessment of system frequency security.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Changjun He , Hua Geng , Xiuqiang He , Chen Shen , Yushuang Liu
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