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Incorrectly labelled training data are frustratingly ubiquitous in both benchmark and specially curated datasets. Such mislabelling clearly adversely affects the performance and generalizability of models trained through supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Nicholas Pellegrino , David Szczecina , Paul Fieguth

A weakly-supervised learning framework named as complementary-label learning has been proposed recently, where each sample is equipped with a single complementary label that denotes one of the classes the sample does not belong to. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-24 Yuzhou Cao , Shuqi Liu , Yitian Xu

While deep learning (DL) is data-hungry and usually relies on extensive labeled data to deliver good performance, Active Learning (AL) reduces labeling costs by selecting a small proportion of samples from unlabeled data for labeling and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Xueying Zhan , Qingzhong Wang , Kuan-hao Huang , Haoyi Xiong , Dejing Dou , Antoni B. Chan

In multi-label classification, each training instance is associated with multiple class labels simultaneously. Unfortunately, collecting the fully precise class labels for each training instance is time- and labor-consuming for real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Meng Wei , Zhongnian Li , Peng Ying , Yong Zhou , Xinzheng Xu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) constructs classifiers using both labelled and unlabelled data. It leverages information from labelled samples, whose acquisition is often costly or labour-intensive, together with unlabelled data to enhance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-29 Jinran Wu , You-Gan Wang , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

Semi-supervised wrapper methods are concerned with building effective supervised classifiers from partially labeled data. Though previous works have succeeded in some fields, it is still difficult to apply semi-supervised wrapper methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Fuqaing Liu , Chenwei Deng , Fukun Bi , Yiding Yang

Partial label learning (PLL) aims to solve the problem where each training instance is associated with a set of candidate labels, one of which is the correct label. Most PLL algorithms try to disambiguate the candidate label set, by either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Gengyu Lyu , Songhe Feng , Congyang Lang

Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) have achieved excellent recognition performance in various visual recognition tasks. A large labeled training set is one of the most important factors for its success. However, it is difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Bin-Bin Gao , Chao Xing , Chen-Wei Xie , Jianxin Wu , Xin Geng

Self-training is an important technique for solving semi-supervised learning problems. It leverages unlabeled data by generating pseudo-labels and combining them with a limited labeled dataset for training. The effectiveness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Banghua Zhu , Mingyu Ding , Philip Jacobson , Ming Wu , Wei Zhan , Michael Jordan , Jiantao Jiao

Label noise poses a serious threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). Employing robust loss functions which reconcile fitting ability with robustness is a simple but effective strategy to handle this problem. However, the widely-used static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Xiu-Chuan Li , Xiaobo Xia , Fei Zhu , Tongliang Liu , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu

Partial Label (PL) learning refers to the task of learning from the partially labeled data, where each training instance is ambiguously equipped with a set of candidate labels but only one is valid. Advances in the recent deep PL learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Ximing Li , Yuanzhi Jiang , Changchun Li , Yiyuan Wang , Jihong Ouyang

Intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe operation of industrial machinery and improving production efficiency. However, traditional supervised deep learning methods require a large amount of training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yajiao Dai , Jun Li , Zhen Mei , Yiyang Ni , Shi Jin , Zengxiang Li , Sheng Guo , Wei Xiang

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is implemented when algorithms are trained on both labeled and unlabeled data. This is a very common application of ML as it is unrealistic to obtain a fully labeled dataset. Researchers have tackled three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jason Lu , Michael Ma , Huaze Xu , Zixi Xu

Label distribution learning (LDL) trains a model to predict the relevance of a set of labels (called label distribution (LD)) to an instance. The previous LDL methods all assumed the LDs of the training instances are accurate. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zhiqiang Kou , Yuheng Jia , Jing Wang , Xin Geng

Weakly supervised machine learning algorithms are able to learn from ambiguous samples or labels, e.g., multi-instance learning or partial-label learning. However, in some real-world tasks, each training sample is associated with not only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Wei Tang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

In this paper, we introduce the Dependent Noise-based Inaccurate Label Distribution Learning (DN-ILDL) framework to tackle the challenges posed by noise in label distribution learning, which arise from dependencies on instances and labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zhiqiang Kou , Jing Wang , Yuheng Jia , Xin Geng

Multi-instance partial-label learning (MIPL) is a weakly supervised framework that extends the principles of multi-instance learning (MIL) and partial-label learning (PLL) to address the challenges of inexact supervision in both instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Wei Tang , Yin-Fang Yang , Weijia Zhang , Min-Ling Zhang

Multi-label classification has received considerable interest in recent years. Multi-label classifiers have to address many problems including: handling large-scale datasets with many instances and a large set of labels, compensating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Amirhossein Akbarnejad , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Real-world data is frequently noisy and ambiguous. In crowdsourcing, for example, human annotators may assign conflicting class labels to the same instances. Partial-label learning (PLL) addresses this challenge by training classifiers when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Tobias Fuchs , Nadja Klein

Recent research shows that in-context learning (ICL) can be effective even when demonstrations have missing or incorrect labels. To shed light on this capability, we examine a canonical setting where the demonstrations are drawn according…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yingcong Li , Xiangyu Chang , Muti Kara , Xiaofeng Liu , Amit Roy-Chowdhury , Samet Oymak