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Label Distribution Learning (LDL) is an effective approach for handling label ambiguity, as it can analyze all labels at once and indicate the extent to which each label describes a given sample. Most existing LDL methods consider the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Ziqi Jia , Xiaoyang Qu , Chenghao Liu , Jianzong Wang

Real-world training data is often noisy; for example, human annotators assign conflicting class labels to the same instances. Partial-label learning (PLL) is a weakly supervised learning paradigm that allows training classifiers in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Tobias Fuchs , Florian Kalinke

Partial label learning (PLL) is a significant weakly supervised learning framework, where each training example corresponds to a set of candidate labels and only one label is the ground-truth label. For the first time, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Yutong Xie , Fuchao Yang , Yuheng Jia

Partial label learning (PLL) is a typical weakly supervised learning problem, where each training example is associated with a set of candidate labels among which only one is true. Most existing PLL approaches assume that the incorrect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ning Xu , Congyu Qiao , Xin Geng , Min-Ling Zhang

Semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL) is a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data to reduce the expensive cost of collecting precise multi-label annotations. Unlike semi-supervised learning, one cannot select the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jia-Hao Xiao , Ming-Kun Xie , Heng-Bo Fan , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Sheng-Jun Huang

Learning with reduced labeling standards, such as noisy label, partial label, and multiple label candidates, which we generically refer to as \textit{imprecise} labels, is a commonplace challenge in machine learning tasks. Previous methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Hao Chen , Ankit Shah , Jindong Wang , Ran Tao , Yidong Wang , Xing Xie , Masashi Sugiyama , Rita Singh , Bhiksha Raj

Relation extraction is an important task in structuring content of text data, and becomes especially challenging when learning with weak supervision---where only a limited number of labeled sentences are given and a large number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Hongtao Lin , Jun Yan , Meng Qu , Xiang Ren

Recently, multi-view and multi-label classification have become significant domains for comprehensive data analysis and exploration. However, incompleteness both in views and labels is still a real-world scenario for multi-view multi-label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Bingyan Nie , Wulin Xie , Jiang Long , Xiaohuan Lu

Learning from ambiguous labels is a long-standing problem in practical machine learning applications. The purpose of \emph{partial label learning} (PLL) is to identify the ground-truth label from a set of candidate labels associated with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jinfu Fan , Xiaohui Zhong , Kangrui Ren , Jiangnan Li , Linqing Huang

A supervised learning framework has been proposed for the situation where each training data is provided with a complementary label that represents a class to which the pattern does not belong. In the existing literature,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Yasuhiro Katsura , Masato Uchida

Optimization plays a key role in the training of deep neural networks. Deciding when to stop training can have a substantial impact on the performance of the network during inference. Under certain conditions, the generalization error can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Florian Dubost , Erin Hong , Max Pike , Siddharth Sharma , Siyi Tang , Nandita Bhaskhar , Christopher Lee-Messer , Daniel Rubin

Semi-supervised learning is a powerful technique for leveraging unlabeled data to improve machine learning models, but it can be affected by the presence of ``informative'' labels, which occur when some classes are more likely to be labeled…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-16 Aude Sportisse , Hugo Schmutz , Olivier Humbert , Charles Bouveyron , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

State-of-the-art, high capacity deep neural networks not only require large amounts of labelled training data, they are also highly susceptible to label errors in this data, typically resulting in large efforts and costs and therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Christian Haase-Schütz , Rainer Stal , Heinz Hertlein , Bernhard Sick

Partially-supervised learning can be challenging for segmentation due to the lack of supervision for unlabeled structures, and the methods directly applying fully-supervised learning could lead to incompatibility, meaning ground truth is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ke Zhang , Xiahai Zhuang

The primary challenge of multi-label active learning, differing it from multi-class active learning, lies in assessing the informativeness of an indefinite number of labels while also accounting for the inherited label correlation. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yuanyuan Qi , Jueqing Lu , Xiaohao Yang , Joanne Enticott , Lan Du

We investigate model based classification with partially labelled training data. In many biostatistical applications, labels are manually assigned by experts, who may leave some observations unlabelled due to class uncertainty. We analyse…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-08 Daniel Ahfock , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

Multi-label classification is a type of supervised learning where an instance may belong to multiple labels simultaneously. Predicting each label independently has been criticized for not exploiting any correlation between labels. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-25 Hyukjun Gweon , Matthias Schonlau , Stefan Steiner

Mislabeled samples are ubiquitous in real-world datasets as rule-based or expert labeling is usually based on incorrect assumptions or subject to biased opinions. Neural networks can "memorize" these mislabeled samples and, as a result,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Katharina Rombach , Gabriel Michau , Olga Fink

Deep learning algorithms can fare poorly when the training dataset suffers from heavy class-imbalance but the testing criterion requires good generalization on less frequent classes. We design two novel methods to improve performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Kaidi Cao , Colin Wei , Adrien Gaidon , Nikos Arechiga , Tengyu Ma

It is well-known that exploiting label correlations is important to multi-label learning. Existing approaches either assume that the label correlations are global and shared by all instances; or that the label correlations are local and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-06 Yue Zhu , James T. Kwok , Zhi-Hua Zhou