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Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved significant success across various tasks. These models usually encode visual inputs into dense token sequences, which are then concatenated with textual tokens and jointly processed by a language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hao Zhang , Mengsi Lyu , Chenrui He , Yulong Ao , Yonghua Lin

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) incur high computational costs due to significant redundancy in their visual tokens. To effectively reduce this cost, researchers have proposed various visual token pruning methods. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wen Luo , Peng Chen , Xiaotao Huang , LiQun Huang

Active research is currently underway to enhance the efficiency of vision transformers (ViTs). Most studies have focused solely on effective token mixers, overlooking the potential relationship with normalization. To boost diverse feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jongseong Bae , Susang Kim , Minsu Cho , Ha Young Kim

Text-to-image multimodal tasks, generating/retrieving an image from a given text description, are extremely challenging tasks since raw text descriptions cover quite limited information in order to fully describe visually realistic images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Soyeon Caren Han , Siqu Long , Siwen Luo , Kunze Wang , Josiah Poon

Although Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal reasoning capabilities, their scalability and deployment are constrained by massive computational requirements. In particular, the massive amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

Despite advanced token compression techniques, existing multimodal large language models (MLLMs) still struggle with hour-long video understanding. In this work, we propose Video-XL-Pro, an efficient method for extremely long video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Xiangrui Liu , Yan Shu , Zheng Liu , Ao Li , Yang Tian , Bo Zhao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) encode visual inputs as dense sequences of patch-level tokens to capture fine-grained semantics. These visual tokens often outnumber their textual counterparts by a large margin, leading to substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Rui Xu , Yunke Wang , Yong Luo , Bo Du

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demand considerable computations for inference due to the extensive parameters and the additional input tokens needed for visual information representation. Herein, we introduce Visual Tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zhihang Lin , Mingbao Lin , Luxi Lin , Rongrong Ji

Most multimodal large language models (MLLMs) treat visual tokens as "a sequence of text", integrating them with text tokens into a large language model (LLM). However, a great quantity of visual tokens significantly increases the demand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Dongchen Lu , Yuyao Sun , Zilu Zhang , Leping Huang , Jianliang Zeng , Mao Shu , Huo Cao

While language reasoning models excel in many tasks, visual reasoning remains challenging for current large multimodal models (LMMs). As a result, most LMMs default to verbalizing perceptual content into text, a strong limitation for tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 André G. Viveiros , Nuno Gonçalves , Matthias Lindemann , André Martins

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown significant visual reasoning capabilities by connecting a visual encoder and a large language model. LMMs typically take in a fixed and large amount of visual tokens, such as the penultimate layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuzhang Shang , Mu Cai , Bingxin Xu , Yong Jae Lee , Yan Yan

Self-attention and transformers have been widely used in deep learning. Recent efforts have been devoted to incorporating transformer blocks into different neural architectures, including those with convolutions, leading to various visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yancheng Wang , Yingzhen Yang

Transforming a large language model (LLM) into a Vision-Language Model (VLM) can be achieved by mapping the visual tokens from a vision encoder into the embedding space of an LLM. Intriguingly, this mapping can be as simple as a shallow MLP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Benno Krojer , Shravan Nayak , Oscar Mañas , Vaibhav Adlakha , Desmond Elliott , Siva Reddy , Marius Mosbach

Previous vision-language pre-training models mainly construct multi-modal inputs with tokens and objects (pixels) followed by performing cross-modality interaction between them. We argue that the input of only tokens and object features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Zejun Li , Zhihao Fan , Huaixiao Tou , Jingjing Chen , Zhongyu Wei , Xuanjing Huang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown immense promise in universal multimodal retrieval, which aims to find relevant items of various modalities for a given query. But their practical application is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Qi Li , Yanzhe Zhao , Yongxin Zhou , Yameng Wang , Yandong Yang , Yuanjia Zhou , Jue Wang , Zuojian Wang , Jinxiang Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive progress in vision-language alignment, yet they remain limited in visual-spatial reasoning. We first identify that this limitation arises from the attention mechanism: visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhaozhi Wang , Tong Zhang , Mingyue Guo , Yaowei Wang , Qixiang Ye

Recent endeavors in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) aim to unify visual comprehension and generation by combining LLM and diffusion models, the state-of-the-art in each task, respectively. Existing approaches rely on spatial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kaihang Pan , Wang Lin , Zhongqi Yue , Tenglong Ao , Liyu Jia , Wei Zhao , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Hanwang Zhang

Large-scale vision language (VL) models use Transformers to perform cross-modal interactions between the input text and image. These cross-modal interactions are computationally expensive and memory-intensive due to the quadratic complexity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Qingqing Cao , Bhargavi Paranjape , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

We develop an approach to learning visual representations that embraces multimodal data, driven by a combination of intra- and inter-modal similarity preservation objectives. Unlike existing visual pre-training methods, which solve a proxy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Xin Yuan , Zhe Lin , Jason Kuen , Jianming Zhang , Yilin Wang , Michael Maire , Ajinkya Kale , Baldo Faieta

Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown significant progress in open-world Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, integrating visual information increases the number of processed tokens, leading to higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Shuai Li , Jian Xu , Xiao-Hui Li , Chao Deng , Lin-Lin Huang