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The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years has realized many applications in various domains. Being trained with a huge of amount of data coming from various sources, LLMs can be deployed to solve different tasks,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Duc S. H. Nguyen , Bach G. Truong , Phuong T. Nguyen , Juri Di Rocco , Davide Di Ruscio

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted for synthetic data generation, significantly reducing annotation costs. However, most existing studies treat synthesis as a set of isolated tasks and overlook a more fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhenlin Hu , Yan Wang , Zhen Bi , Zihao Xue , Bingyu Zhu , Longtao Huang , Xiongtao Zhang , Zeyu Yang , Zhixuan Chu , Jungang Lou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful but often require extensive fine-tuning and large datasets for specialized domains like law. General-purpose pre-training may not capture legal nuances, and acquiring sufficient legal data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ojasw Upadhyay , Abishek Saravanakumar , Ayman Ismail

Personalized tutoring, teacher training, and education research need access to \emph{targeted} synthetic misconceptions, but privacy and IRB constraints make labelled corpora of real student errors scarce. LLMs could in principle generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xinming Yang , Jun Li

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to process and reason over long textual inputs is critical for a wide range of real-world applications. However, progress in this area is significantly constrained by the absence of high-quality,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Seganrasan Subramanian , Abhigya Verma

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as simulated participants in social science experiments, but their behavior is often unstable and highly sensitive to design choices. Prior evaluations frequently conflate base-model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Liu , Haoyang Shang , Zizhang Liu , Xinyan Liu , Yunze Xiao , Yiwen Tu , Haojian Jin

Digital agents require diverse, large-scale UI trajectories to generalize across real-world tasks, yet collecting such data is prohibitively expensive in both human annotation, infra and engineering perspectives. To this end, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yiming Wang , Da Yin , Yuedong Cui , Ruichen Zheng , Zhiqian Li , Zongyu Lin , Di Wu , Xueqing Wu , Chenchen Ye , Yu Zhou , Kai-Wei Chang

Agents powered by large language models have shown remarkable abilities in solving complex tasks. However, most agent systems remain reactive, limiting their effectiveness in scenarios requiring foresight and autonomous decision-making. In…

Collecting large amounts of real-world interaction data to train general robotic policies is often prohibitively expensive, thus motivating the use of simulation data. However, existing methods for data generation have generally focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Lirui Wang , Yiyang Ling , Zhecheng Yuan , Mohit Shridhar , Chen Bao , Yuzhe Qin , Bailin Wang , Huazhe Xu , Xiaolong Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to significantly boost reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in math, coding, and multi-hop reasoning tasks. However, RL fine-tuning requires abundant high-quality verifiable data,…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in settings where they interact with a wide variety of people, including users who are unclear, impatient, or reluctant to share information. However, collecting real interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Harshita Chopra , Kshitish Ghate , Aylin Caliskan , Tadayoshi Kohno , Chirag Shah , Natasha Jaques

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

To acquire instruction-following capabilities, large language models (LLMs) undergo instruction tuning, where they are trained on instruction-response pairs using next-token prediction (NTP). Efforts to improve instruction tuning often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuxin Xiao , Shujian Zhang , Wenxuan Zhou , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Sanqiang Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful dialogue agents, but specializing them towards fulfilling a specific function can be challenging. Instructing tuning, i.e. tuning models on instruction and sample responses generated by humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Dennis Ulmer , Elman Mansimov , Kaixiang Lin , Justin Sun , Xibin Gao , Yi Zhang

A long-standing challenge in developing accurate recommendation models is simulating user behavior, mainly due to the complex and stochastic nature of user interactions. Towards this, one promising line of work has been the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Himanshu Thakur , Eshani Agrawal , Smruthi Mukund

This paper introduces the innovative "LLMs-as-Instructors" framework, which leverages the advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) to autonomously enhance the training of smaller target models. Inspired by the theory of "Learning from Errors",…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jiahao Ying , Mingbao Lin , Yixin Cao , Wei Tang , Bo Wang , Qianru Sun , Xuanjing Huang , Shuicheng Yan

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are currently state-of-the-art for solving the vast majority of natural language processing tasks. While many real-world applications still require fine-tuning to reach satisfactory levels of…

The automated generation of diverse and complex training scenarios has been an important ingredient in many complex learning tasks. Especially in real-world application domains, such as autonomous driving, auto-curriculum generation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Axel Brunnbauer , Luigi Berducci , Peter Priller , Dejan Nickovic , Radu Grosu

Recent studies in Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) train RL agents to execute natural-language navigation instructions in photorealistic environments, as a step towards robots that can follow human instructions. However, given the…

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable versatility across a wide range of general tasks, their effectiveness often diminishes in domain-specific applications due to inherent knowledge gaps. Moreover, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Hanzhi Yan , Qin Lu , Xianqiao Wang , Xiaoming Zhai , Tianming Liu , He Li