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This review paper investigates the diverse functions of ethical hacking within modern cybersecurity. By integrating current research, it analyzes the progression of ethical hacking techniques,their use in identifying vulnerabilities and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Fatima Asif , Fatima Sohail , Zuhaib Hussain Butt , Faiz Nasir , Nida Asgar

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology which is increasingly being utilised in society and the economy worldwide, and its implementation is planned to become more prevalent in coming years. AI is increasingly being embedded in our…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Angela Daly , Thilo Hagendorff , Li Hui , Monique Mann , Vidushi Marda , Ben Wagner , Wei Wang , Saskia Witteborn

Making moral judgments is an essential step toward developing ethical AI systems. Prevalent approaches are mostly implemented in a bottom-up manner, which uses a large set of annotated data to train models based on crowd-sourced opinions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jingyan Zhou , Minda Hu , Junan Li , Xiaoying Zhang , Xixin Wu , Irwin King , Helen Meng

There has been much discourse on the ethics of AI, to the extent that there are now systems that possess inherent moral reasoning. Such machines are now formally known as Artificial Moral Agents or AMAs. However, there is a requirement for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Aisha Aijaz

The deployment and use of AI systems should be both safe and broadly ethically acceptable. The principles-based ethics assurance argument pattern is one proposal in the AI ethics landscape that seeks to support and achieve that aim. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Marten H. L. Kaas , Zoe Porter , Ernest Lim , Aisling Higham , Sarah Khavandi , Ibrahim Habli

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, bringing forth numerous benefits and conveniences. However, this expansion has also provoked ethical concerns, such as privacy…

In this paper we discuss approaches to evaluating and validating the ethical claims of a Conversational AI system. We outline considerations around both a top-down regulatory approach and bottom-up processes. We describe the ethical basis…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Elayne Ruane , Vivek Nallur

Whether and how data scientists, statisticians and modellers should be accountable for the AI systems they develop remains a controversial and highly debated topic, especially given the complexity of AI systems and the difficulties in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Cassandra Bird , Daniel Williamson , Sabina Leonelli

Agentic artificial intelligence systems are autonomous technologies capable of pursuing complex goals with minimal human oversight and are rapidly emerging as the next frontier in AI. While these systems promise major gains in productivity,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Theodore Roberts , Bahram Zarrin

With the astounding progress in (generative) artificial intelligence (AI), there has been significant public discourse regarding regulation and ethics of the technology. Is it sufficient when humans discuss this with other humans? Or, given…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Maria Fay , Frederik F. Flöther

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has an increasing impact on all areas of people's livelihoods. A detailed look at existing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary metrics frameworks could bring new insights and enable practitioners to navigate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Marek Havrda , Bogdana Rakova

We present the TRIAGE Benchmark, a novel machine ethics (ME) benchmark that tests LLMs' ability to make ethical decisions during mass casualty incidents. It uses real-world ethical dilemmas with clear solutions designed by medical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Nathalie Maria Kirch , Konstantin Hebenstreit , Matthias Samwald

We find ourselves surrounded by a rapidly increasing number of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems. Two grand challenges arise from this development: Machine Ethics and Machine Explainability. Machine Ethics, on the one hand, is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-04 Kevin Baum , Holger Hermanns , Timo Speith

Autonomous intelligent agents are playing increasingly important roles in our lives. They contain information about us and start to perform tasks on our behalves. Chatbots are an example of such agents that need to engage in a complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Abeer Dyoub , Stefania Costantini , Francesca A. Lisi

Machine behavior that is based on learning algorithms can be significantly influenced by the exposure to data of different qualities. Up to now, those qualities are solely measured in technical terms, but not in ethical ones, despite the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Thilo Hagendorff

The development of robotics and AI agents has enabled their wider usage in human surroundings. AI agents are more trusted to make increasingly important decisions with potentially critical outcomes. It is essential to consider the ethical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Benjamin Krarup , Senka Krivic , Felix Lindner , Derek Long

AI is transforming the existing technology landscape at a rapid phase enabling data-informed decision making and autonomous decision making. Unlike any other technology, because of the decision-making ability of AI, ethics and governance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Mahendra Samarawickrama

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved unparalleled success across diverse language modeling tasks in recent years. However, this progress has also intensified ethical concerns, impacting the deployment of LLMs in everyday contexts.…

In this paper, we argue that AI ethics must move beyond the concepts of race-based representation and bias, and towards those that probe the deeper relations that impact how these systems are designed, developed, and deployed. Many recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Christopher L. Dancy , P. Khalil Saucier

This article reviews the landscape of ethical challenges of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into smart healthcare products, including medical electronic devices. Differences between traditional ethics in the medical domain and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Sudeep Pasricha