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The detection of terrestrial planets by radial velocity and photometry is hindered by the presence of stellar signals. Those are often modeled as stationary Gaussian processes, whose kernels are based on qualitative considerations, which do…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Nathan C. Hara , Jean-Baptiste Delisle

Starspots, plages, and activity cycles cause radial velocity variations that can either mimic planets or hide their existence. To verify the authenticity of newly discovered planets, observers may search for periodicity in spectroscopic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 A. W. Wise , S. E. Dodson-Robinson , K. Bevenour , A. Provini

Stellar activity is the ultimate source of radial-velocity (RV) noise in the search for Earth-mass planets orbiting late-type main-sequence stars. We analyse the performance of four different indicators and the chromospheric index $\log…

Physically motivated Gaussian process (GP) kernels for stellar variability, like the commonly used damped, driven simple harmonic oscillators that model stellar granulation and p-mode oscillations, quantify the instantaneous covariance…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-14 Jacob K. Luhn , Ryan A. Rubenzahl , Samuel Halverson , Lily L. Zhao

We present techniques for effective Gaussian process (GP) modelling of multiple short time series. These problems are common when applying GP models independently to each gene in a gene expression time series data set. Such sets typically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-10-10 Hande Topa , Antti Honkela

The detailed modelling of stellar oscillations is a powerful approach to characterising stars. However, poor treatment of systematics in theoretical models leads to misinterpretations of stars. Here we propose a more principled statistical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-06 Tanda Li , Guy R. Davies , Martin Nielsen , Margarida S. Cunha , Alexander J. Lyttle

Accounting for stellar activity is a crucial component of the search for ever-smaller planets orbiting stars of all spectral types. We use Doppler imaging methods to demonstrate that starspot induced radial velocity variability can be…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 J. R. Barnes , S. V. Jeffers , G. Anglada-Escude , C. A. Haswell , H. R. A. Jones , M. Tuomi , F. Feng , J. S. Jenkins , P. Petit

Radio observations of the neutral hydrogen signal from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionisation have helped to provide constraints on the properties of the first stars and galaxies. Since this global 21-cm cosmological signal from the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-09 Christian J. Kirkham , Dominic J. Anstey , Eloy de Lera Acedo

The last two decades have seen a major expansion in the availability, size, and precision of time-domain datasets in astronomy. Owing to their unique combination of flexibility, mathematical simplicity and comparative robustness, Gaussian…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-11 Suzanne Aigrain , Daniel Foreman-Mackey

New photometric space missions to detect and characterise transiting exoplanets are focusing on bright stars to obtain high cadence, high signal-to-noise light curves. Since these missions will be sensitive to stellar oscillations and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-12 S. C. C. Barros , O. Demangeon , R. F. Díaz , J. Cabrera , N. C. Santos , J. P. Faria , F. Pereira

Nearly 15 years of radial velocity (RV) monitoring and direct imaging enabled the detection of two giant planets orbiting the young, nearby star $\beta$ Pictoris. The $\delta$ Scuti pulsations of the star, overwhelming planetary signals,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-11 Thomas Vandal , Julien Rameau , René Doyon

The incomplete sampling of data in complex polarization measurements from radio telescopes negatively affects both the rotation measure (RM) transfer function and the Faraday depth spectra derived from these data. Such gaps in polarization…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-24 S. W. Ndiritu , A. M. M. Scaife , D. L. Tabb , M. Carcamo , J. Hanson

We present a novel and efficient method for fitting dynamical models of stellar kinematic data in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph). Our approach is based on Gaussian-process emulation (GPE), which is a sophisticated form of curve fitting…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-10 Amery Gration , Mark I. Wilkinson

We model the local stellar velocity field using position and velocity measurements for 4M stars from the second data release of Gaia. We determine the components of the mean or bulk velocity in ~27k spatially-defined bins. Our assumption is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-21 Patrick Nelson , Lawrence M. Widrow

Owing to recent advances in radial-velocity instrumentation and observation techniques, the detection of Earth-mass planets around Sun-like stars may soon be primarily limited by intrinsic stellar variability. Several processes contribute…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Michael L. Palumbo , Eric B. Ford , Jason T. Wright , Suvrath Mahadevan , Alexander W. Wise , Johannes Löhner-Böttcher

Context. Radial velocity (RV) measurements induced by the presence of planets around late-type stars are contaminated by stellar signals that are of the order of a few meters per second in amplitude, even for the quietest stars. Those…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-04 K. Al Moulla , X. Dumusque , P. Figueira , G. Lo Curto , N. C. Santos , F. Wildi

The detection of small mass planets with the radial-velocity technique is now confronted with the interference of stellar noise. HARPS can now reach a precision below the meter-per-second, which corresponds to the amplitudes of different…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 X. Dumusque , N. C. Santos , S. Udry , C. Lovis , X. Bonfils

Active regions on the photosphere of a star have been the major obstacle for detecting Earth-like exoplanets using the radial velocity (RV) method. A commonly employed solution for addressing stellar activity is to assume a linear…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-24 U. Simola , A. Bonfanti , X. Dumusque , J. Cisewski-Kehe , S. Kaski , J. Corander

Context. Radial velocities (RVs) of stars contain both the Doppler reflex motion of potential planetary companions and the drowning and sometimes imitating effect of stellar activity. To separate the two, previous efforts have sought for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-19 K. Al Moulla , X. Dumusque , M. Cretignier

Aperiodic variability is a characteristic feature of young stars, massive stars, and active galactic nuclei. With the recent proliferation of time domain surveys, it is increasingly essential to develop methods to quantify and analyze…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-01 Krzysztof Findeisen , Ann Marie Cody , Lynne Hillenbrand