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Deep noise suppressors (DNS) have become an attractive solution to remove background noise, reverberation, and distortions from speech and are widely used in telephony/voice applications. They are also occasionally prone to introducing…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Abu Zaher Md Faridee , Hannes Gamper

The perceptual task of speech quality assessment (SQA) is a challenging task for machines to do. Objective SQA methods that rely on the availability of the corresponding clean reference have been the primary go-to approaches for SQA.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-19 Pranay Manocha , Buye Xu , Anurag Kumar

The attention mechanism within the transformer architecture enables the model to weigh and combine tokens based on their relevance to the query. While self-attention has enjoyed major success, it notably treats all queries $q$ in the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Xuechen Zhang , Xiangyu Chang , Mingchen Li , Amit Roy-Chowdhury , Jiasi Chen , Samet Oymak

Speech enhancement is a demanding task in automated speech processing pipelines, focusing on separating clean speech from noisy channels. Transformer based models have recently bested RNN and CNN models in speech enhancement, however at the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Jinyu Long , Jetic Gū , Binhao Bai , Zhibo Yang , Ping Wei , Junli Li

Human judgments obtained through Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) are the most reliable way to assess the quality of speech signals. However, several recent attempts to automatically estimate MOS using deep learning approaches lack robustness and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-27 Pranay Manocha , Anurag Kumar

Speech quality assessment has been a critical issue in speech processing for decades. Existing automatic evaluations usually require clean references or parallel ground truth data, which is infeasible when the amount of data soars.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Chien-yu Huang , Wei-Tsung Kao , Yist Y. Lin , Hung-yi Lee

The Transformer architecture model, based on self-attention and multi-head attention, has achieved remarkable success in offline end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, self-attention and multi-head attention cannot be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Chendong Zhao , Jianzong Wang , Wen qi Wei , Xiaoyang Qu , Haoqian Wang , Jing Xiao

In this paper, we show that a simple self-supervised pre-trained audio model can achieve comparable inference efficiency to more complicated pre-trained models with speech transformer encoders. These speech transformers rely on mixing…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Sungho Jeon , Ching-Feng Yeh , Hakan Inan , Wei-Ning Hsu , Rashi Rungta , Yashar Mehdad , Daniel Bikel

Transformer models have been introduced into end-to-end speech recognition with state-of-the-art performance on various tasks owing to their superiority in modeling long-term dependencies. However, such improvements are usually obtained…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Haoneng Luo , Shiliang Zhang , Ming Lei , Lei Xie

This paper introduces a lightweight deep learning model for real-time speech enhancement, designed to operate efficiently on resource-constrained devices. The proposed model leverages a compact architecture that facilitates rapid inference…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Shuubham Ojha , Felix Gervits , Carol Espy-Wilson

Accurate audio quality estimation is essential for developing and evaluating audio generation, retrieval, and enhancement systems. Existing non-intrusive assessment models predict a single Mean Opinion Score (MOS) for speech, merging…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Yi-Cheng Lin , Jia-Hung Chen , Hung-yi Lee

One objective of Speech Quality Assessment (SQA) is to estimate the ranks of synthetic speech systems. However, recent SQA models are typically trained using low-precision direct scores such as mean opinion scores (MOS) as the training…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-30 Cheng-Hung Hu , Yusuke Yasuda , Tomoki Toda

We introduce exclusive self attention (XSA), a simple modification of self attention (SA) that improves Transformer's sequence modeling performance. The key idea is to constrain attention to capture only information orthogonal to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Shuangfei Zhai

Training of multi-speaker text-to-speech (TTS) systems relies on curated datasets based on high-quality recordings or audiobooks. Such datasets often lack speaker diversity and are expensive to collect. As an alternative, recent studies…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-13 Sewade Ogun , Vincent Colotte , Emmanuel Vincent

Speech quality in online conferencing applications is typically assessed through human judgements in the form of the mean opinion score (MOS) metric. Since such a labor-intensive approach is not feasible for large-scale speech quality…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-04 Bastiaan Tamm , Helena Balabin , Rik Vandenberghe , Hugo Van hamme

The objective speech quality assessment is usually conducted by comparing received speech signal with its clean reference, while human beings are capable of evaluating the speech quality without any reference, such as in the mean opinion…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-06 Meng Yu , Chunlei Zhang , Yong Xu , Shixiong Zhang , Dong Yu

In-context learning with attention enables large neural networks to make context-specific predictions by selectively focusing on relevant examples. Here, we adapt this idea to supervised learning procedures such as lasso regression and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-11 Erin Craig , Robert Tibshirani

Human perception has the unique ability to focus on specific events in a mixture of signals--a challenging task for existing non-intrusive assessment methods. In this work, we introduce semi-intrusive assessment that emulates human…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-23 Jozef Coldenhoff , Milos Cernak

In recent years, dynamic parameterization of acoustic environments has raised increasing attention in the field of audio processing. One of the key parameters that characterize the local room acoustics in isolation from orientation and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-29 Chunxi Wang , Maoshen Jia , Meiran Li , Changchun Bao , Wenyu Jin

The Transformer architecture has been successful across many domains, including natural language processing, computer vision and speech recognition. In keyword spotting, self-attention has primarily been used on top of convolutional or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-11 Axel Berg , Mark O'Connor , Miguel Tairum Cruz