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AI agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances, enabling them to assist humans in diverse complex tasks and leading to a revolution in human-AI coordination. LLM-powered agents typically require invoking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Jijia Liu , Chao Yu , Jiaxuan Gao , Yuqing Xie , Qingmin Liao , Yi Wu , Yu Wang

Diagnostic or procedural coding of clinical notes aims to derive a coded summary of disease-related information about patients. Such coding is usually done manually in hospitals but could potentially be automated to improve the efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Hang Dong , Víctor Suárez-Paniagua , William Whiteley , Honghan Wu

Cross-lingual transfer learning is an important property of multilingual large language models (LLMs). But how do LLMs represent relationships between languages? Every language model has an input layer that maps tokens to vectors. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Andrea W Wen-Yi , David Mimno

Since Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) are the cornerstone of the most recent Information Retrieval (IR) models, the way they encode semantic knowledge is particularly important. However, little attention has been given to studying the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jesús Lovón-Melgarejo , Jose G. Moreno , Romaric Besançon , Olivier Ferret , Lynda Tamine

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to specialized reasoning tasks is fundamentally constrained by computational resources. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a powerful solution, yet the landscape of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Brennen Hill

Proteins play a central role in biology from immune recognition to brain activity. While major advances in machine learning have improved our ability to predict protein structure from sequence, determining protein function from structure…

Most language models (LMs) are trained and applied in an autoregressive left-to-right fashion, assuming that the next token only depends on the preceding ones. However, this assumption ignores the potential benefits of using the full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Anh Nguyen , Nikos Karampatziakis , Weizhu Chen

As key elements within the central dogma, DNA, RNA, and proteins play crucial roles in maintaining life by guaranteeing accurate genetic expression and implementation. Although research on these molecules has profoundly impacted fields like…

Decoder-only language models, such as GPT and LLaMA, generally decode on the last layer. Motivated by human's hierarchical thinking capability, we propose that a hierarchical decoder architecture could be built with different layers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yihong Wang , Zhonglin Jiang , Ningyuan Xi , Yue Zhao , Qingqing Gu , Xiyuan Chen , Hao Wu , Sheng Xu , Hange Zhou , Yong Chen , Luo Ji

Motivation: Proteins are of great significance in living organisms. However, understanding their functions encounters numerous challenges, such as insufficient integration of multimodal information, a large number of training parameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zhicong Wang , Zicheng Ma , Ziqiang Cao , Changlong Zhou , Jun Zhang , Yiqin Gao

Large-scale simultaneous mRNA translation and the resulting competition for the available ribosomes has important implications to the cell's functioning and evolution. Developing a better understanding of the intricate correlations between…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2015-08-12 Alon Raveh , Michael Margaliot , Eduardo D. Sontag , Tamir Tuller

Antibodies play a central role in the immune response by specifically recognizing and neutralizing antigens, and therapeutic antibodies have become major drugs for cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, their discovery still relies on…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-29 Xiao Luo

Aligning large language models (LLMs) through supervised fine-tuning is essential for tailoring them to specific applications. Recent studies suggest that alignment primarily adjusts a model's presentation style rather than its foundational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Guangyuan Shi , Zexin Lu , Xiaoyu Dong , Wenlong Zhang , Xuanyu Zhang , Yujie Feng , Xiao-Ming Wu

Representing molecular structures effectively in chemistry remains a challenging task. Language models and graph-based models are extensively utilized within this domain, consistently achieving state-of-the-art results across an array of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Nikolai Rekut , Alexey Orlov , Klea Ziu , Elizaveta Starykh , Martin Takac , Aleksandr Beznosikov

Multimodal intent recognition aims to infer human intents by jointly modeling various modalities, playing a pivotal role in real-world dialogue systems. However, current methods struggle to model hierarchical semantics underlying complex…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Qianrui Zhou , Hua Xu , Yunjin Gu , Yifan Wang , Songze Li , Hanlei Zhang

Recent developments in machine learning (ML) techniques enable users to extract, transmit, and reproduce information semantics via ML-based semantic communication (SemCom). This significantly increases network spectral efficiency and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Guhan Zheng , Qiang Ni , Aryan Kaushik , Lixia Yang , Yushi Wang , Charilaos Zarakovitis

Accurately measuring protein-RNA binding affinity is crucial in many biological processes and drug design. Previous computational methods for protein-RNA binding affinity prediction rely on either sequence or structure features, unable to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-06 Rong Han , Xiaohong Liu , Tong Pan , Jing Xu , Xiaoyu Wang , Wuyang Lan , Zhenyu Li , Zixuan Wang , Jiangning Song , Guangyu Wang , Ting Chen

Protein sequences are abundant in repeating segments, both as exact copies and as approximate segments with mutations. These repeats are important for protein structure and function, motivating decades of algorithmic work on repeat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Gal Pomerants , Yaniv Nikankin , Anja Reusch , Tomer Tsaban , Ora Schueler-Furman , Yonatan Belinkov

Language is a uniquely human trait, conveying information efficiently by organizing word sequences in sentences into hierarchical structures. A central question persists: Why is human language hierarchical? In this study, we show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Luyao Chen , Weibo Gao , Junjie Wu , Jinshan Wu , Angela D. Friederici

Making the most use of abundant information in electronic health records (EHR) is rapidly becoming an important topic in the medical domain. Recent work presented a promising framework that embeds entire features in raw EHR data regardless…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Eunbyeol Cho , Min Jae Lee , Kyunghoon Hur , Jiyoun Kim , Jinsung Yoon , Edward Choi