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We study the problem of identifying the unknown intervention targets in structural causal models where we have access to heterogeneous data collected from multiple environments. The unknown intervention targets are the set of endogenous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yuqin Yang , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash

Missing data are an unavoidable complication frequently encountered in many causal discovery tasks. When a missing process depends on the missing values themselves (known as self-masking missingness), the recovery of the joint distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Jie Qiao , Zhengming Chen , Jianhua Yu , Ruichu Cai , Zhifeng Hao

Interventional causal discovery seeks to identify causal relations by leveraging distributional changes introduced by interventions, even in the presence of latent confounders. Beyond the spurious dependencies induced by latent confounders,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Gongxu Luo , Loka Li , Guangyi Chen , Haoyue Dai , Kun Zhang

A data science task can be deemed as making sense of the data or testing a hypothesis about it. The conclusions inferred from data can greatly guide us to make informative decisions. Big data has enabled us to carry out countless prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Wenhao Zhang , Ramin Ramezani , Arash Naeim

Causal inference in spatial domains faces two intertwined challenges: (1) unmeasured spatial factors, such as weather, air pollution, or mobility, that confound treatment and outcome, and (2) interference from nearby treatments that violate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ayush Khot , Miruna Oprescu , Maresa Schröder , Ai Kagawa , Xihaier Luo

Phylogenetics uses alignments of molecular sequence data to learn about evolutionary trees. Substitutions in sequences are modelled through a continuous-time Markov process, characterised by an instantaneous rate matrix, which standard…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-20 Naomi E. Hannaford , Sarah E. Heaps , Tom M. W. Nye , Tom A. Williams , T. Martin Embley

Unobserved confounding is a major hurdle for causal inference from observational data. Confounders---the variables that affect both the causes and the outcome---induce spurious non-causal correlations between the two. Wang & Blei (2018)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-31 Yixin Wang , David M. Blei

Given a response $Y$ and a vector $X = (X^1, \dots, X^d)$ of $d$ predictors, we investigate the problem of inferring direct causes of $Y$ among the vector $X$. Models for $Y$ that use all of its causal covariates as predictors enjoy the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-12 Rune Christiansen , Jonas Peters

Elucidating the genetic basis of human diseases is a central goal of genetics and molecular biology. While traditional linkage analysis and modern high-throughput techniques often provide long lists of tens or hundreds of disease gene…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2011-06-03 Fantine Mordelet , Jean-Philippe Vert

Despite the growing availability of large datasets, causal structure learning remains computationally prohibitive at scale. We revisit sparsest-permutation learning for linear structural equation models and show that exact Cholesky…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Sunmin Oh , Sang-Yun Oh , Gunwoong Park

Most existing causal discovery methods rely on the assumption of no latent confounders, limiting their applicability in solving real-life problems. In this paper, we introduce a novel, versatile framework for causal discovery that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Xinshuai Dong , Biwei Huang , Ignavier Ng , Xiangchen Song , Yujia Zheng , Songyao Jin , Roberto Legaspi , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Identification of treatment effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding is a persistent problem in the social, biological, and medical sciences. The problem of unmeasured confounding in settings with multiple treatments is most common…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-12 Wang Miao , Wenjie Hu , Elizabeth L. Ogburn , Xiaohua Zhou

The paper addresses the problem of finding the causal direction between two associated variables. The proposed solution is to build an autoencoder of their joint distribution and to maximize its estimation capacity relative to both the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-09 Matthias Feiler

Convenient access to observational data enables us to learn causal effects without randomized experiments. This research direction draws increasing attention in research areas such as economics, healthcare, and education. For example, we…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Ruocheng Guo , Jundong Li , Huan Liu

Causal discovery procedures aim to deduce causal relationships among variables in a multivariate dataset. While various methods have been proposed for estimating a single causal model or a single equivalence class of models, less attention…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-08 Y. Samuel Wang , Mladen Kolar , Mathias Drton

Process mining techniques can help organizations to improve their operational processes. Organizations can benefit from process mining techniques in finding and amending the root causes of performance or compliance problems. Considering the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Mahnaz Sadat Qafari , Wil van der Aalst

Inferring causal structures from time series data is the central interest of many scientific inquiries. A major barrier to such inference is the problem of subsampling, i.e., the frequency of measurement is much lower than that of causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Mingzhou Liu , Xinwei Sun , Lingjing Hu , Yizhou Wang

The principal stratification has become a popular tool to address a broad class of causal inference questions, particularly in dealing with non-compliance and truncation-by-death problems. The causal effects within principal strata which…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-20 Shanshan Luo , Wei Li , Wang Miao , Yangbo He

In this work, we look at a two-sample problem within the framework of Gaussian graphical models. When the global hypothesis of equality of two distributions is rejected, the interest is usually in localizing the source of difference.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-29 Vera Djordjilović , Monica Chiogna

It is commonplace to encounter nonstationary data, of which the underlying generating process may change over time or across domains. The nonstationarity presents both challenges and opportunities for causal discovery. In this paper we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Kun Zhang , Biwei Huang , Jiji Zhang , Bernhard Schölkopf , Clark Glymour