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Computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems are pervasive in science and engineering, yet their NP-hard nature renders them increasingly inefficient to solve on conventional von Neumann architectures as problem size grows.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yu Qian , Alptekin Vardar , Konrad Seidel , David Lehninger , Maximilian Lederer , Zhiguo Shi , Cheng Zhuo , Kai Ni , Thomas Kämpfe , Xunzhao Yin

We present several efficient implementations of the simulated annealing algorithm for Ising spin glasses on sparse graphs. In particular, we provide a generic code for any choice of couplings, an optimized code for bipartite graphs, and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-09-25 S. V. Isakov , I. N. Zintchenko , T. F. Rønnow , M. Troyer

We introduce a methodology for generating benchmark problem sets for Ising machines---devices designed to solve discrete optimization problems cast as Ising models. In our approach, linear systems of equations are cast as Ising cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-02 Itay Hen

Coherent Ising Machine (CIM) is a network of optical parametric oscillators that can solve large-scale combinatorial optimisation problems by finding the ground state of an Ising Hamiltonian. As a practical application of CIM, Aonishi et…

This paper presents a coupled ring oscillator based Potts ma chine to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). Potts model is a generalization of the Ising model, cap turing multivalued spins in contrast to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yilmaz Ege Gonul , Baris Taskin

We present a new family of zero-field Ising models over N binary variables/spins obtained by consecutive "gluing" of planar and $O(1)$-sized components along with subsets of at most three vertices into a tree. The polynomial time algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Valerii Likhosherstov , Yury Maximov , Michael Chertkov

We provide Ising formulations for many NP-complete and NP-hard problems, including all of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems. This collects and extends mappings to the Ising model from partitioning, covering and satisfiability. In each case,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-01-28 Andrew Lucas

Solving mathematical equations faster and more efficiently has been a Holy Grail for centuries for scientists and engineers across all disciplines. While electronic digital circuits have revolutionized equation solving in recent decades, it…

Multi-objective combinatorial optimization in wireless communication networks is a challenging task, particularly for large-scale and diverse topologies. Recent advances in quantum computing offer promising solutions for such problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Yu-Xuan Lin , Chu-Yao Xu , Chuan Wang

Combinatorial optimization problems represent a wide range of real-world scenarios where complicated interactions make it difficult to find the best solution. One example is the quadratic assignment problem (QAP), which involves determining…

Coherent Ising Machine (CIM) is a network of optical parametric oscillators that solves combinatorial optimization problems by finding the ground state of an Ising Hamiltonian. As a practical application of CIM, Aonishi et al. proposed a…

Programmable photonic circuits (PPCs) have garnered substantial interest in achieving deep learning accelerations and universal quantum computations. Although photonic computation using PPCs offers critical advantages, including ultrafast…

Optics · Physics 2024-04-11 Xianji Piao , Sunkyu Yu , Namkyoo Park

The coherent Ising machine (CIM) is a nonconventional hardware architecture for finding approximate solutions to large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. It operates by annealing a laser gain parameter to adiabatically deform a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-10-28 Federico Ghimenti , Adithya Sriram , Atsushi Yamamura , Hideo Mabuchi , Surya Ganguli

A coherent Ising machine (CIM) is known to deliver the low-energy states of the Ising model. Here, we investigate how well the CIM simulates the thermodynamic properties of a two-dimensional square-lattice Ising model. Assuming that the…

Ising machines are next-generation computers expected to efficiently sample near-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. Combinatorial optimization problems are modeled as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Kentaro Ohno , Nozomu Togawa

Hashing retrieval is a pivotal technology for large-scale similarity search, widely applied in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for large language models (LLMs), massive image repositories, and bioinformatics sequence matching. However,…

Photonic brain-inspired platforms are emerging as novel analog computing devices, enabling fast and energy-efficient operations for machine learning. These artificial neural networks generally require tailored optical elements, such as…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Davide Pierangeli , Giulia Marcucci , Claudio Conti

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has shown extraordinary potential in accelerating neural networks. To evaluate the performance of PIM accelerators, we present an ISA-based simulation framework including a dedicated ISA targeting neural networks…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Xinyu Wang , Xiaotian Sun , Yinhe Han , Xiaoming Chen

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) architectures are a key enabler of forthcoming 6G wireless communication networks by allowing high data rates through massive spatial multiplexing. Here, we approach these…

Next generation wireless networks focus on improving spectral efficiency (SE) while reducing power consumption and hardware cost. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) offer a viable solution to meet these requirements. In order to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ahmet M. Elbir , Abdulkadir Celik , Asmaa Abdallah , Ahmed M. Eltawil
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