Reconfigurable Application-Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit for solving Partial Differential Equations

Solving mathematical equations faster and more efficiently has been a Holy Grail for centuries for scientists and engineers across all disciplines. While electronic digital circuits have revolutionized equation solving in recent decades, it has become apparent that performance gains from brute-force approaches of compute-solvers are quickly saturating over time. Instead, paradigms that leverage the universes natural tendency to minimize a systems free energy, such as annealers or Ising Machines, are being sought after due to favorable complexity scaling. Here we introduce a programmable analog solver leveraging the mathematical formal equivalence between Maxwells equations and photonic circuitry. It features a mesh network of nanophotonic beams to find solutions to partial differential equations. As an example, we designed, fabricated, and demonstrated a novel application-specific photonic integrated circuit comprised of electro-optically reconfigurable nodes, and experimentally validated 90% accuracy with respect to a commercial solver. Finally, we tested this photonic integrated chip performance by simulating thermal diffusion on a spacecrafts heat shield during re-entry to a planets atmosphere. The programmable light-circuitry presented herein offers a facile route for solving complex problems and thus will have profound potential applications across many scientific and engineering fields.