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Quantum optical states are fragile and can become corrupted when passed through a lossy communication channel. Unlike for classical signals, optical amplifiers cannot be used to recover quantum signals. Quantum repeaters have been proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-15 Josephine Dias , Timothy C Ralph

We study the implementation of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems over quantum repeater infrastructures. We particularly consider quantum repeaters with encoding and compare them with probabilistic quantum repeaters. To that end, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Yumang Jing , Mohsen Razavi

Quantum communication is a secure way to transfer quantum information and to communicate with legitimate parties over distant places in a network. Although communication over a long distance has already been attained, technical problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-07 Bikash K. Behera , Swarnadeep Seth , Antariksha Das , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Quantum networks are envisioned to enable reliable distribution and manipulation of quantum information across distances, forming the foundation of a future quantum internet. The fair and efficient allocation of communication resources in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Sounak Kar , Arpan Mukhopadhyay

Quantum repeaters are critical to the development of quantum networks, enabling rates of entanglement distribution beyond those attainable by direct transmission. We consider multiple continuous-variable, squeezed light-based entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Ian J. Tillman , Allison Rubenok , Saikat Guha , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Quantum repeaters are necessary to fully realize the capabilities of the emerging quantum internet, especially applications involving distributing entanglement across long distances. A more general notion of this can be called a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Ian Tillman , Thirupathaiah Vasantam , Don Towsley , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Reliable distribution of quantum entanglement over long distances is a central challenge in quantum information science, fundamentally limited by decoherence in noisy communication channels. In this work, we investigate the asymptotic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Piotr Masajada , Aby Philip , Alexander Streltsov

Transmitting unknown quantum states to distant locations is crucial for distributed quantum information protocols. The seminal quantum teleportation scheme achieves this feat while requiring prior maximal entanglement between the sender and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Arkaprabha Ghosal , Jatin Ghai , Tanmay Saha , Sibasish Ghosh , Mir Alimuddin

We investigate secret key rates for the quantum repeater using encoding [L. Jiang et al., Phys. Rev. A 79, 032325 (2009)] and compare them to the standard repeater scheme by Briegel, D\"ur, Cirac, and Zoller. The former scheme has the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-25 Sylvia Bratzik , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

A future quantum network will consist of quantum processors that are connected by quantum channels, just like conventional computers are wired up to form the Internet. In contrast to classical devices, however, the entanglement and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-28 Andreas Reiserer

We investigate resource allocation for quantum entanglement distribution over an optical network. We characterize and model a network architecture that employs a single broadband quasi-deterministic time-frequency heralded…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Rohan Bali , Ashley N. Tittelbaugh , Shelbi L. Jenkins , Anuj Agrawal , Jerry Horgan , Marco Ruffini , Daniel C. Kilper , Boulat A. Bash

In the framework of cavity QED, we propose a quantum repeater scheme that uses coherent light and chains of atoms coupled to optical cavities. In contrast to conventional repeater schemes, we avoid the usage of two-qubit quantum logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-15 Denis Gonţa , Peter van Loock

Quantum information technology has the potential to revolutionize computing, communications, and security. To fully realize its potential, quantum processors with millions of qubits are needed, which is still far from being accomplished.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Nicholas Skjellum , Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

We analyse security costs in one segment of nested purification protocol in a large quantum cryptography network, employing the quantum switchers and repeaters. We demonstrate that exponential or even super-exponential grow of entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Radim Filip

The research of architecture has tremendous significance in realizing quantum Internet. Although there is not yet a standard quantum Internet architecture, the distributed architecture is one of the possible solutions, which utilizes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Binjie He , Dong Zhang , Seng W. Loke , Shengrui Lin , Luke Lu

Unlike classical routing algorithms, quantum routing algorithms make use of entangled states - a type of resources that have a limited lifetime and need to be regenerated after consumption. In a nutshell, quantum routing algorithms have to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Ali Farahbakhsh , Chen Feng

The construction of large-scale quantum networks relies on the development of practical quantum repeaters. Many approaches have been proposed with the goal of outperforming the direct transmission of photons, but most of them are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-23 Xiao Liu , Zong-Quan Zhou , Yi-Lin Hua , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

In this paper, a novel Deep Q-Network (DQN) based scheduling method to optimize delay time and fairness among entanglement requests in quantum repeater networks is proposed. The scheduling of requests determines which pairs of end nodes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Gongyu Ni , Lester Ho , Holger Claussen

We present a stack model for breaking down the complexity of entanglement-based quantum networks. More specifically, we focus on the structures and architectures of quantum networks and not on concrete physical implementations of network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 A. Pirker , W. Dür

This paper presents a comparative analysis of three routing strategies in opportunistic quantum networks. Quantum communication networks face unique challenges, such as the fragility of qubits and the need to create and maintain pairs of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Diego Abreu , Alan Veloso , Antonio Abelém