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Randomisation is widely used in quantum algorithms to reduce the number of quantum gates and ancillary qubits required. A range of randomised algorithms, including eigenstate property estimation by spectral filters, Hamiltonian simulation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Jinzhao Sun , Pei Zeng

Unitary $2$-designs are random unitaries simulating up to the second order statistical moments of the uniformly distributed random unitaries, often referred to as Haar random unitaries. They are used in a wide variety of theoretical and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-01 Yoshifumi Nakata , Christoph Hirche , Ciara Morgan , Andreas Winter

We show new constructions for pseudorandom quantum states (PRS) and pseudorandom function-like quantum state (PRFS) generators satisfying scalability, which means the security parameter can be much larger than the number of qubits, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Rishabh Batra , Zhili Chen , Rahul Jain , YaoNan Zhang

We construct unclonable encryption (UE) in the Haar random oracle model, where all parties have query access to $U,U^\dagger,U^*,U^T$ for a Haar random unitary $U$. Our scheme satisfies the standard notion of unclonable indistinguishability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 James Bartusek , Eli Goldin

Unpredictable functions (UPFs) play essential roles in classical cryptography, including message authentication codes (MACs) and digital signatures. In this paper, we introduce a quantum analog of UPFs, which we call unpredictable state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-27 Tomoyuki Morimae , Shogo Yamada , Takashi Yamakawa

Quantum computers are reaching a level where interactions between classical and quantum computations can happen in real-time. This marks the advent of a new, broader class of quantum circuits: dynamic quantum circuits. They offer a broader…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Undoing a unitary operation, $i.e$. reversing its action, is the task of canceling the effects of a unitary evolution on a quantum system, and it may be easily achieved when the unitary is known. Given a unitary operation without any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Qin Feng , Tianfeng Feng , Yuling Tian , Maolin Luo , Xiaoqi Zhou

Random unitary matrices find a number of applications in quantum information science, and are central to the recently defined boson sampling algorithm for photons in linear optics. We describe an operationally simple method to directly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-08 Nicholas J. Russell , Levon Chakhmakhchyan , Jeremy L. O'Brien , Anthony Laing

Pseudorandom generators (PRGs) are a foundational primitive in classical cryptography, underpinning a wide range of constructions. In the quantum setting, pseudorandom quantum states (PRSs) were proposed as a potentially weaker assumption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mohammed Barhoush

We address the question of existence of private quantum channel for qubits encoded in polarization degrees of freedom of a photon, that remains secure even if multi-photon (instead of single-photon) pulse is emitted. We show that random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-15 Jan Bouda , Michal Sedlák , Mario Ziman

Different flavors of quantum pseudorandomness have proven useful for various cryptographic applications, with the compelling feature that these primitives are potentially weaker than post-quantum one-way functions. Ananth, Lin, and Yuen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Mohammed Barhoush , Amit Behera , Lior Ozer , Louis Salvail , Or Sattath

Pseudorandom states (PRS) are an important primitive in quantum cryptography. In this paper, we show that subset states can be used to construct PRSs. A subset state with respect to $S$, a subset of the computational basis, is \[…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Fernando Granha Jeronimo , Nir Magrafta , Pei Wu

Random quantum circuits have been utilized in the contexts of quantum supremacy demonstrations, variational quantum algorithms for chemistry and machine learning, and blackhole information. The ability of random circuits to approximate any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 Minzhao Liu , Junyu Liu , Yuri Alexeev , Liang Jiang

Random numbers are a fundamental and useful resource in science and engineering with important applications in simulation, machine learning and cyber-security. Quantum systems can produce true random numbers because of the inherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Sebastian F. Tudor , Rupak Chatterjee , Lac Nguyen , Yuping Huang

Pseudorandom circuits generate quantum states and unitary operators which are approximately distributed according to the unitarily invariant Haar measure. We explore how several design parameters affect the efficiency of pseudo-random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yaakov S. Weinstein , Winton G. Brown , Lorenza Viola

As quantum devices continue to grow in size but remain affected by noise, it is crucial to determine when and how they can outperform classical computers on practical tasks. A central piece in this effort is to develop the most efficient…

We prove that a quantum circuit together with measurement apparatuses and EPR sources can be fully verified without any reference to some other trusted set of quantum devices. Our main assumption is that the physical system we are working…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frederic Magniez , Dominic Mayers , Michele Mosca , Harold Ollivier

We present a no-go theorem for the distinguishability between quantum random numbers (i.e., random numbers generated quantum mechanically) and pseudo-random numbers (i.e., random numbers generated algorithmically). The theorem states that…

Random many-body states are both a useful tool to model certain physical systems and an important asset for quantum computation. Realising them, however, generally requires an exponential (in system size) amount of resources. Recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Jonathon Riddell , Katja Klobas , Bruno Bertini

Pseudorandom Quantum States (PRS) were introduced by Ji, Liu and Song as quantum analogous to Pseudorandom Generators. They are an ensemble of states efficiently computable but computationally indistinguishable from Haar random states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Samuel Bouaziz--Ermann , Garazi Muguruza