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Hawkes Process has been used to model Limit Order Book (LOB) dynamics in several ways in the literature however the focus has been limited to capturing the inter-event times while the order size is usually assumed to be constant. We propose…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-15 Konark Jain , Nick Firoozye , Jonathan Kochems , Philip Treleaven

In this work, we provide a framework linking microstructural properties of an asset to the tick value of the exchange. In particular, we bring to light a quantity, referred to as implicit spread, playing the role of spread for large tick…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2013-01-04 Khalil Dayri , Mathieu Rosenbaum

A tick size is the smallest increment of a security price. It is clear that at the shortest time scale on which individual orders are placed the tick size has a major role which affects where limit orders can be placed, the bid-ask spread,…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2010-10-08 Gabriele La Spada , J. Doyne Farmer , Fabrizio Lillo

The tick size, which is the smallest increment between two consecutive prices for a given asset, is a key parameter of market microstructure. In particular, the behavior of high frequency market makers is highly related to its value. We…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2020-06-01 Bastien Baldacci , Philippe Bergault , Joffrey Derchu , Mathieu Rosenbaum

In this paper we consider classes of models that have been recently developed for quantitative finance that involve modelling a highly complex multivariate, multi-attribute stochastic process known as the Limit Order Book (LOB). The LOB is…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-04-23 Gareth W. Peters , Efstathios Panayi , Francois Septier

We investigate the behavior of limit order books on the meso-scale motivated by order execution scheduling algorithms. To do so we carry out empirical analysis of the order flows from market and limit order submissions, aggregated from…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-10 Kyle Bechler , Michael Ludkovski

We demonstrate that the lowest possible price change (tick-size) has a large impact on the structure of financial return distributions. It induces a microstructure as well as it can alter the tail behavior. On small return intervals, the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-13 Michael C. Münnix , Rudi Schäfer , Thomas Guhr

We prove a law of large numbers and a functional central limit theorem for multivariate Hawkes processes observed over a time interval $[0,T]$ in the limit $T \rightarrow \infty$. We further exhibit the asymptotic behaviour of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-07 Emmanuel Bacry , Sylvain Delattre , Marc Hoffmann , Jean François Muzy

Motivated by a zero-intelligence approach, the aim of this paper is to connect the microscopic (discrete price and volume), mesoscopic (discrete price and continuous volume) and macroscopic (continuous price and volume) frameworks for the…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-06-27 Ben Hambly , Jasdeep Kalsi , James Newbury

It has been suggested that marked point processes might be good candidates for the modelling of financial high-frequency data. A special class of point processes, Hawkes processes, has been the subject of various investigations in the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-08-23 Ioane Muni Toke

We consider a tick-by-tick model of price formation, in which buy and sell orders are modeled as self-exciting point processes (Hawkes process), similar to the one in [Bacry, Delattre, Hoffmann, Muzy, Modelling microstructure noise with…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-27 Paolo Dai Pra , Paolo Pigato

Limit order books (LOBs) match buyers and sellers in more than half of the world's financial markets. This survey highlights the insights that have emerged from the wealth of empirical and theoretical studies of LOBs. We examine the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-17 Martin D. Gould , Mason A. Porter , Stacy Williams , Mark McDonald , Daniel J. Fenn , Sam D. Howison

We develop a new market-making model, from the ground up, which is tailored towards high-frequency trading under a limit order book (LOB), based on the well-known classification of order types in market microstructure. Our flexible…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2020-01-31 Baron Law , Frederi Viens

Limit Order Books (LOBs) serve as a mechanism for buyers and sellers to interact with each other in the financial markets. Modelling and simulating LOBs is quite often necessary for calibrating and fine-tuning the automated trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-03-04 Konark Jain , Nick Firoozye , Jonathan Kochems , Philip Treleaven

In this paper, we propose an event-driven Limit Order Book (LOB) model that captures twelve of the most observed LOB events in exchange-based financial markets. To model these events, we propose using the state-of-the-art Neural Hawkes…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-19 Luca Lalor , Anatoliy Swishchuk

A point process model for order flows in limit order books is proposed, in which the conditional intensity is the product of a Hawkes component and a state-dependent factor. In the LOB context, state observations may include the observed…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-06 Emmanouil Sfendourakis , Ioane Muni Toke

We introduce a new stochastic model for the variations of asset prices at the tick-by-tick level in dimension 1 (for a single asset) and 2 (for a pair of assets). The construction is based on marked point processes and relies on linear self…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-17 E. Bacry , S. Delattre , M. Hoffmann , J. F. Muzy

Price gap, defined as the logarithmic price difference between the first two occupied price levels on the same side of a limit order book (LOB), is a key determinant of market depth, which is one of the dimensions of liquidity. However, the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2018-02-27 Gao-Feng Gu , Xiong Xiong , Yong-Jie Zhang , Wei Chen , Wei Zhang , Wei-Xing Zhou

We present a reproducible research framework for market microstructure combining a deterministic C++ limit order book (LOB) simulator with stochastic order flow generated by multivariate marked Hawkes processes. The paper derives full…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-10 Sohaib El Karmi

We propose a microstructural model for the order flow in financial markets that distinguishes between {\it core orders} and {\it reaction flow}, both modeled as Hawkes processes. This model has a natural scaling limit that reconciles a…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-03 Johannes Muhle-Karbe , Youssef Ouazzani Chahdi , Mathieu Rosenbaum , Grégoire Szymanski
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