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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) combine a vision encoder and a large language model (LLM) through alignment training, showing strong performance on multimodal tasks. A central component in this architecture is the projection layer, which maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Raehyuk Jung , Seungjun Yu , Hyunjung Shim

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in dealing with new tasks with the help of in-context learning (ICL). In the study of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), when implementing ICL, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ellen Yi-Ge , Jiechao Gao , Wei Han , Wei Zhu

Recent advances in instruction-tuned Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have imbued the models with the ability to generate high-level, image-grounded explanations with ease. While such capability is largely attributed to the rich world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Jeonghwan Kim , Heng Ji

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have showcased its potential in tackling complex tasks. However, experiments on visual control tasks have revealed that state-of-the-art reinforcement learning models struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Rudra P. K. Poudel , Harit Pandya , Chao Zhang , Roberto Cipolla

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have advanced rapidly by aligning visual patches with the text embedding space, but a fixed visual-token budget forces images to be resized to a uniform pretraining resolution, often erasing fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zipeng Zhu , Zhanghao Hu , Qinglin Zhu , Yuxi Hong , Yijun Liu , Jingyong Su , Yulan He , Lin Gui

To reduce issues like hallucinations and lack of control in Large Language Models (LLMs), a common method is to generate responses by grounding on external contexts given as input, known as knowledge-augmented models. However, previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Hyunji Lee , Sejune Joo , Chaeeun Kim , Joel Jang , Doyoung Kim , Kyoung-Woon On , Minjoon Seo

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of vision-language tasks, yet their internal processing dynamics remain underexplored. In this work, we introduce a probing framework to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhuoran Yu , Yong Jae Lee

Despite the rapid evolution of training paradigms, the decoder backbone of large vision--language models (LVLMs) remains fundamentally rooted in the residual-connection Transformer architecture. Therefore, deciphering the distinct roles of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Gongli Xi , Ye Tian , Mengyu Yang , Huahui Yi , Liang Lin , Xiaoshuai Hao , Kun Wang , Wendong Wang

Visual Grounding, also known as Referring Expression Comprehension and Phrase Grounding, aims to ground the specific region(s) within the image(s) based on the given expression text. This task simulates the common referential relationships…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Linhui Xiao , Xiaoshan Yang , Xiangyuan Lan , Yaowei Wang , Changsheng Xu

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) such as LLaVA are typically trained with an autoregressive language modeling objective, providing only indirect supervision to visual tokens. This often yields weak internal visual representations and brittle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Dhruv Parikh , Jacob Fein-Ashley , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often struggle with tasks that require fine-grained image understanding, such as scene-text recognition or document analysis, due to perception limitations and visual fragmentation. To address these challenges,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Miguel Carvalho , Helder Dias , Bruno Martins

While language reasoning models excel in many tasks, visual reasoning remains challenging for current large multimodal models (LMMs). As a result, most LMMs default to verbalizing perceptual content into text, a strong limitation for tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 André G. Viveiros , Nuno Gonçalves , Matthias Lindemann , André Martins

In this paper, the LCV2 modular method is proposed for the Grounded Visual Question Answering task in the vision-language multimodal domain. This approach relies on a frozen large language model (LLM) as intermediate mediator between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yuhan Chen , Lumei Su , Lihua Chen , Zhiwei Lin

Grounding language in the physical world requires AI systems to interpret references that emerge dynamically during conversation. While current vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static image tasks, they struggle to resolve ambiguous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Anna Deichler , Jim O'Regan , Fethiye Irmak Dogan , Lubos Marcinek , Anna Klezovich , Iolanda Leite , Jonas Beskow

Visual grounding focuses on detecting objects from images based on language expressions. Recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly advanced visual grounding performance by training large models with large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yangxiao Lu , Ruosen Li , Liqiang Jing , Jikai Wang , Xinya Du , Yunhui Guo , Nicholas Ruozzi , Yu Xiang

Autoregressive (AR) vision-language models (VLMs) have long dominated multimodal understanding, reasoning, and graphical user interface (GUI) grounding. Recently, discrete diffusion vision-language models (DVLMs) have shown strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shrinidhi Kumbhar , Haofu Liao , Srikar Appalaraju , Kunwar Yashraj Singh

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in multimodal tasks. Despite their impressive performance, MLLMs suffer from the modality imbalance issue, where visual information is often underutilized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hengzhuang Li , Xinsong Zhang , Qiming Peng , Bin Luo , Han Hu , Dengyang Jiang , Han-Jia Ye , Teng Zhang , Hai Jin

We introduce a novel sequential modeling approach which enables learning a Large Vision Model (LVM) without making use of any linguistic data. To do this, we define a common format, "visual sentences", in which we can represent raw images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Yutong Bai , Xinyang Geng , Karttikeya Mangalam , Amir Bar , Alan Yuille , Trevor Darrell , Jitendra Malik , Alexei A Efros

Recent advances in legged locomotion learning are still dominated by the utilization of geometric representations of the environment, limiting the robot's capability to respond to higher-level semantics such as human instructions. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 I Made Aswin Nahrendra , Seunghyun Lee , Dongkyu Lee , Hyun Myung

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language understanding, yet how they internally integrate visual and textual information remains poorly understood. To bridge this gap, we perform a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shezheng Song , Shasha Li , Jie Yu