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Exceptional points (EPs) are spectral degeneracies unique to non-Hermitian systems which underpin phenomena from enhanced sensing to unconventional topology. While disorder is usually viewed as detrimental, it can also drive topological…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-01-28 Xiaoyu Cheng , Tiantao Qu , Yaqing Yang , Jun Chen , Lei Zhang

Exceptional degeneracies, at which both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, and parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry, reflecting balanced gain and loss in photonic systems, are paramount concepts in non-Hermitian systems. We here…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Marcus Stålhammar , Emil J. Bergholtz

Exceptional points (EPs), non-Hermitian degeneracies where both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, play a central role in the topology of non-Hermitian spectra. Recent advances have enabled the controlled creation and manipulation of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Jung-Wan Ryu , Chang-Hwan Yi

Non-Hermitian exceptional points (EPs) represent a special type of degeneracy where not only the eigenvalues coalesce, but also the eigenstates tend to collapse on each other. Recent studies have shown that in the presence of an EP,…

Current progress in electro-optical modulation within silicon integrated photonics, driven by the unique capabilities of advanced functional materials, has led to significant improvements in device performance. However, inherent constraints…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-30 Shahab Ramezanpour , Amr Helmy

We demonstrate the existence of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) of periodic eigenstates in non-Hermitian coupled chains of dipolar scatterers. Guided modes supported by these structures can exhibit an EPD in their dispersion diagram…

Optics · Physics 2017-03-22 Mohamed A. K. Othman , Vincenzo Galdi , Filippo Capolino

We establish a novel mechanism for topological transitions in non-Hermitian systems that are controlled by the system size. Based on a new paradigm known as exceptional-bound (EB) band engineering, its mechanism hinges on the unique…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-10 Mengjie Yang , Ching Hua Lee

We present a transmission line theory of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in coupled-mode guiding structures, i.e., a theory that illustrates the characteristics of coupled electromagnetic modes under a special dispersion degeneracy…

Optics · Physics 2017-09-15 Mohamed A. K. Othman , Filippo Capolino

Degeneracy (exceptional) points embedded in energy band are distinct by their topological features. We report different hybrid two-state coalescences (EP2s) formed through merging two EP2s with opposite chiralities that created from the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-01-28 L. Jin , H. C. Wu , Bo-Bo Wei , Z. Song

The emergence of various types of degeneracies plays a crucial role in optimizing and engineering different physical phenomena in non-Hermitian physics. In our work, we focus on the derogatory Exceptional Points (EPs), which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Grigory A. Starkov , Sharareh Sayyad

Exceptional points (EPs) are non-Hermitian singularities associated with the coalescence of individual eigenvectors accompanied by the degeneracy of their complex energies. Here, we report the discovery of a generalization to the concept of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Zhen Li , Xulong Wang , Rundong Cai , Kenji Shimomura , Congwei Lu , Zhesen Yang , Masatoshi Sato , Guancong Ma

We show topological configurations of the complex-valued spectra in gapped non-Hermitian systems. These arise when the distinctive EPs in the energy Riemann sheets of such models are annihilated after threading them across the boundary of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Anton Montag , Alexander Felski , Flore K. Kunst

Exceptional points (EPs), at which both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, are ubiquitous and unique features of non-Hermitian systems. Second-order EPs are by far the most studied due to their abundance, requiring only the tuning of…

Optics · Physics 2023-01-02 Ipsita Mandal , Emil J. Bergholtz

We investigate non-Hermitian degeneracies, also known as exceptional points, in continous elastic media, and their potential application to the detection of mass and stiffness perturbations. Degenerate states are induced by enforcing…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 M. I. N. Rosa , M. Mazzotti , M. Ruzzene

Higher-order exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems have attracted great interest due to their advantages in sensitive enhancement and distinct topological features. However, realization of such EPs is still challenged because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Wei Xiong , Zhuanxia Li , Guo-Qiang Zhang , Mingfeng Wang , Hai-Chao Li , Xiao-Qing Luo , Jianjiao Chen

There has been much recent interest and progress on topological structures of the non-Hermitian Bloch bands. Here, we study the topological structures of non-Bloch bands of non-Hermitian multiband quantum systems under open boundary…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Yongxu Fu , Yi Zhang

Exceptional points (EPs), ubiquitous non-Hermitian degeneracies, are central features in band structures where non-Hermitian Fermi arcs connect EPs and eigenvalue knots encircle them. Under open boundary conditions (OBCs), non-Hermitian…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-06 Yuancheng Zhao , Jia-Xin Zhong , Jing Lin , Yun Jing , Kun Ding

Non-Hermitian systems hosting exceptional points (EPs) exhibit signal enhancement and unconventional mode dynamics. Going beyond isolated EPs, here we report on the existence of exceptional rings (ERs) in planar optical resonators with…

The defining characteristic of an exceptional point (EP) in the parameter space of a family of operators is that upon encircling the EP eigenstates are permuted. In case one encircles multiple EPs, the question arises how to properly…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-08-29 Eric J. Pap , Daniël Boer , Holger Waalkens

Non-conservative physical systems admit a special kind of spectral degeneracy, known as exceptional point (EP), at which eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the corresponding non-Hermitian Hamiltonian coalesce. Dynamical parametric encircling…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-21 Alexey Galda , Valerii M. Vinokur