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Hydrogen will be a central cross-sectoral energy carrier in the decarbonization of the European energy system. This paper investigates how a large-scale deployment of green hydrogen production affects the investments in transmission and…

General Economics · Economics 2022-10-10 Goran Durakovic , Pedro Crespo del Granado , Asgeir Tomasgard

The complex theoretical and experimental investigation of plasma kinetics of the electric discharge in the mixture of air and ethanol-water vapors is carried out. The discharge was burning in the cavity, formed by air jets pumping between…

Due to the low conductivity of pure water, using an electrolyte is common for achieving efficient water electrolysis. In this paper, we have broken through this common sense by using deep-sub-Debye-length nanogap electrochemical cells for…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-11-16 Yifei Wang , S. R. Narayanan , Wei Wu

The current state of the art in direct water splitting in photo-electrochemical cells (PECs) is presented together with: (i) a case study of water splitting using a simple solar cell with the most efficient water splitting electrodes and…

Developing solid-state hydrogen storage materials is as pressing as ever, which requires a comprehensive understanding of the dehydrogenation chemistry of a solid-state hydride. Transition state search and kinetics calculations are…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-04-30 Chaoqun Li , Weijie Yang , Hao Liu , Xinyuan Liu , Xiujing Xing , Zhengyang Gao , Shuai Dong , Hao Li

Various studies have been conducted in the fields of sustainable operations management, optimization, and wastewater treatment, yielding unsubstantiated recovery. In the context of Europes climate neutrality vision, this paper reviews…

General Economics · Economics 2023-08-03 Vasileios Alevizos , Ilias Georgousis , Anna-Maria Kapodistria

Renewable liquid fuels are essential for achieving emissions targets for hard-to-electrify sectors such as aviation and shipping. While biofuels and synthetic e-fuels have been well-studied, e-biofuels, produced by adding renewable hydrogen…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-15 Yunlong Zhang , Markus Millinger , Fredrik Hedenus , Karin Pettersson , Tom Brown

Hydrogen, an essential resource in the decarbonized economy, is commonly produced as a by-product of chemical plants. To promote the use of by-product hydrogen, this paper proposes a supply chain model among chemical plants,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Qianni Cao , Boda Li , Mengshuo Jia , Chen Shen

Water gas shift (WGS) reaction is a chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide reacts with water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen. It is an important reaction industrially used in conjunction with steam reforming of hydrocarbons…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Zhun Zhao

Water evaporation is critically important for hydrogels in open-air applications, but theoretically modeling is difficult due to the complicated intermolecular interactions and sustained deformation. In this work, we construct a simplified…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-28 Zehua Yu , Yongshun Ren , Kang Liu

Anthropogenic activities have led to a substantial increase in carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas (GHG), contributing to heightened concerns of global warming. In the last decade alone CO2 emissions increased by 2.0 ppm/yr. globally. In…

Geophysics · Physics 2015-12-17 Muneer Mohammad , Mehrdad Ehsani

Proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEMEL) is a key technology for producing green hydrogen, but its scalability is limited by the use of scarce materials, particularly iridium. Iridium oxide, the preferred anode catalyst in PEMEL,…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-09 Bernhard Wortmann , Detlef Stolten , Heidi Heinrichs

The technical and economic feasibility to deliver sustainable liquid biocrude through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) while enabling negative carbon dioxide emissions is evaluated in this paper, looking into the potential of the process in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 E. M. Lozano , T. H. Pedersen , L. A. Rosendahl

Conventional energy production based on fossil fuels causes emissions which contribute to global warming. Accurate energy system models are required for a cost-optimal transition to a zero-emission energy system, an endeavor that requires…

General Economics · Economics 2021-08-11 Jabir Ali Ouassou , Julian Straus , Marte Fodstad , Gunhild Reigstad , Ove Wolfgang

As global demand for green hydrogen rises, potential hydrogen exporters move into the spotlight. However, the large-scale installation of on-grid hydrogen electrolysis for export can have profound impacts on domestic energy prices and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-24 Leon Schumm , Hazem Abdel-Khalek , Tom Brown , Falko Ueckerdt , Michael Sterner , Davide Fioriti , Max Parzen

Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier and key agent for many industrial chemical processes1. One method for generating hydrogen sustainably is via the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), in which electrochemical reduction of protons is…

Metal hydrides are critical materials in numerous technologies including hydrogen storage, gas separation, and electrocatalysis. Here, using Pd-H as a model metal hydride, we perform electrochemical insertion studies of hydrogen via liquid…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-08-07 Jesse D. Benck , Ariel Jackson , David Young , Daniel Rettenwander , Yet-Ming Chiang

This study evaluates the role of grid-connected hydrogen electrolyzers in advancing a cost-effective and in particular an equitable green hydrogen industry in Kenya to serve both domestic and international needs and markets. Using a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-22 Xi Xi , Boniface Kinyanjui , Daniel M. Kammen

The generation of synthetic natural gas from renewable electricity enables long-term energy storage and provides clean fuels for transportation. In this article, we analyze fully renewable Power-to-Methane systems using a high-resolution…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-02-17 Simon Morgenthaler , Christopher Ball , Jan Koj , Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs , Dirk Witthaut

With net-zero emission goals, low-carbon transitions enter a new phase of development, leading to new challenges for policymaking and research. Multiple transitions unfold in parallel across different sectors. This involves a broad range of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Nils Ohlendorf , Meike Löhr , Jochen Markard