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Machine learning algorithms are now frequently used in sensitive contexts that substantially affect the course of human lives, such as credit lending or criminal justice. This is driven by the idea that `objective' machines base their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Songül Tolan

For decades, researchers have sought to understand how the irreversibility of the surrounding world emerges from the seemingly time symmetric, fundamental laws of physics. Quantum mechanics conjectured a clue that final irreversibility is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 A. V. Lebedev , V. M. Vinokur

Humans and animals have the ability to reason and make predictions about different courses of action at many time scales. In reinforcement learning, option models (Sutton, Precup \& Singh, 1999; Precup, 2000) provide the framework for this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Khimya Khetarpal , Zafarali Ahmed , Gheorghe Comanici , Doina Precup

In the setting of online learning, Implicit algorithms turn out to be highly successful from a practical standpoint. However, the tightest regret analyses only show marginal improvements over Online Mirror Descent. In this work, we shed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Nicolò Campolongo , Francesco Orabona

We explore an active learning approach for dynamic fair resource allocation problems. Unlike previous work that assumes full feedback from all agents on their allocations, we consider feedback from a select subset of agents at each epoch of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Riddhiman Bhattacharya , Thanh Nguyen , Will Wei Sun , Mohit Tawarmalani

Algorithmic Recourse aims to provide actionable explanations, or recourse plans, to overturn potentially unfavourable decisions taken by automated machine learning models. In this paper, we propose an interaction paradigm based on a guided…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Seyedehdelaram Esfahani , Giovanni De Toni , Bruno Lepri , Andrea Passerini , Katya Tentori , Massimo Zancanaro

In many machine learning applications, there are multiple decision-makers involved, both automated and human. The interaction between these agents often goes unaddressed in algorithmic development. In this work, we explore a simple version…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-10 David Madras , Toniann Pitassi , Richard Zemel

Algorithmic decision support is increasingly used in a whole array of different contexts and structures in various areas of society, influencing many people's lives. Its use raises questions, among others, about accountability, transparency…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Angelika Adensamer , Rita Gsenger , Lukas Daniel Klausner

Counterfactuals and counterfactual reasoning underpin numerous techniques for auditing and understanding artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The traditional paradigm for counterfactual reasoning in this literature is the interventional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Lucius E. J. Bynum , Joshua R. Loftus , Julia Stoyanovich

Most of previous machine learning algorithms are proposed based on the i.i.d. hypothesis. However, this ideal assumption is often violated in real applications, where selection bias may arise between training and testing process. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Zheyan Shen , Peng Cui , Kun Kuang , Bo Li , Peixuan Chen

We propose an automata-theoretic approach for reinforcement learning (RL) under complex spatio-temporal constraints with time windows. The problem is formulated using a Markov decision process under a bounded temporal logic constraint.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Xiaoshan Lin , Abbasali Koochakzadeh , Yasin Yazicioglu , Derya Aksaray

Offline reinforcement learning algorithms still lack trust in practice due to the risk that the learned policy performs worse than the original policy that generated the dataset or behaves in an unexpected way that is unfamiliar to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Phillip Swazinna , Steffen Udluft , Thomas Runkler

Reversal of the time direction in stochastic systems driven by white noise has been central throughout the development of stochastic realization theory, filtering and smoothing. Similar ideas were developed in connection with certain…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2013-09-03 Tryphon T. Georgiou , Anders Lindquist

Reinforcement learning algorithms have had tremendous successes in online learning settings. However, these successes have relied on low-stakes interactions between the algorithmic agent and its environment. In many settings where RL could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-05 James Bannon , Brad Windsor , Wenbo Song , Tao Li

Providing expert trajectories in the context of Imitation Learning is often expensive and time-consuming. The goal must therefore be to create algorithms which require as little expert data as possible. In this paper we present an algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Jonas Nüßlein , Steffen Illium , Robert Müller , Thomas Gabor , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning algorithms have successfully been applied to temporal credit assignment problems with sparse reward signals. However, state-of-the-art algorithms require manual specification of sub-task structures, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Robert Tjarko Lange , Aldo Faisal

Causality is receiving increasing attention in the Recommendation Systems (RSs) community, which has realised that RSs could greatly benefit from causality to transform accurate predictions into effective and explainable decisions. Indeed,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Emanuele Cavenaghi , Alessio Zanga , Fabio Stella , Markus Zanker

Recent advances in synergizing large reasoning models (LRMs) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) have shown promising results, yet two critical challenges remain: (1) reasoning models typically operate from a single, unchallenged…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Can Xu , Lingyong Yan , Jiayi Wu , Haosen Wang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Yuchen Li , Jizhou Huang , Dawei Yin , Xiang Li

In recent years, specific evaluation metrics for time series anomaly detection algorithms have been developed to handle the limitations of the classical precision and recall. However, such metrics are heuristically built as an aggregate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Alexis Huet , Jose Manuel Navarro , Dario Rossi

Deep neural networks are one of the most successful classifiers across different domains. However, due to their limitations concerning interpretability their use is limited in safety critical context. The research field of explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Dominique Mercier , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed