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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Neural information retrieval architectures based on transformers such as BERT are able to significantly improve system effectiveness over traditional sparse models such as BM25. Though highly effective, these neural approaches are very…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Antonio Mallia , Joel Mackenzie , Torsten Suel , Nicola Tonellotto

The application of mixture-of-experts (MoE) is gaining popularity due to its ability to improve model's performance. In an MoE structure, the gate layer plays a significant role in distinguishing and routing input features to different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Zhitian Xie , Yinger Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Qitao Shi , Zhining Liu , Jinjie Gu , Guannan Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has recently emerged as the mainstream architecture for efficiently scaling large language models while maintaining near-constant computational cost. Expert parallelism distributes parameters by partitioning experts…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Adrian Zhao , Zhenkun Cai , Zhenyu Song , Lingfan Yu , Haozheng Fan , Jun Wu , Yida Wang , Nandita Vijaykumar

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become a key approach for scaling large language models efficiently by activating only a subset of experts during training and inference. Typically, the number of activated experts presents a trade-off:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yifei He , Yang Liu , Chen Liang , Hany Hassan Awadalla

This paper systematically diagnoses the training failure modes of Token-Choice sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) on video Diffusion Transformers. Starting from a pretrained dense model of about 5 billion parameters, we convert it into an MoE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Haiying Sha

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has led to the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures that dynamically leverage specialized subnetworks for improved efficiency and performance. Despite their benefits, MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ruisi Cai , Yeonju Ro , Geon-Woo Kim , Peihao Wang , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi , Aditya Akella , Zhangyang Wang

Recent advancements in end-to-end autonomous driving systems (ADSs) underscore their potential for perception and planning capabilities. However, challenges remain. Complex driving scenarios contain rich semantic information, yet ambiguous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Haowen Jiang , Xinyu Huang , You Lu , Dingji Wang , Yuheng Cao , Chaofeng Sha , Bihuan Chen , Keyu Chen , Xin Peng

We combine the capacity of sparsely gated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) with the speed and stability of linear, mixing transformations to design the Sparse Mixer encoder model. Sparse Mixer slightly outperforms (<1%) BERT on GLUE and SuperGLUE,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 James Lee-Thorp , Joshua Ainslie

Merging parameter-efficient task experts has recently gained growing attention as a way to build modular architectures that can be rapidly adapted on the fly for specific downstream tasks, without requiring additional fine-tuning.…

The advancement of transformer neural networks has significantly elevated the capabilities of sentence similarity models, but they still struggle with highly discriminative tasks and may produce sub-optimal representations of important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Logan Hallee , Rohan Kapur , Arjun Patel , Jason P. Gleghorn , Bohdan Khomtchouk

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a neural network architecture that adds sparsely activated expert blocks to a base model, increasing the number of parameters without impacting computational costs. However, current distributed deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Siddharth Singh , Olatunji Ruwase , Ammar Ahmad Awan , Samyam Rajbhandari , Yuxiong He , Abhinav Bhatele

We propose Excitation, a novel optimization framework designed to accelerate learning in sparse architectures such as Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs). Unlike traditional optimizers that treat all parameters uniformly, Excitation dynamically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Sagi Shaier

We present a generalization of conventional artificial neural networks that allows for a functional equivalence to multi-expert systems. The new model provides an architectural freedom going beyond existing multi-expert models and an…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Marc Toussaint

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures achieve scalable capacity through sparse routing, yet the geometric structure of expert specialization remains poorly understood. We introduce a unified Jacobian-PCA-Grassmann framework for analyzing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Feilong Liu

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is an effective architecture for scaling large language models by leveraging sparse expert activation to balance performance and efficiency. However, under expert parallelism, MoE suffers from inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shwai He , Weilin Cai , Jiayi Huang , Ang Li

Conventional single-dataset training often fails with new data distributions, especially in ultrasound (US) image analysis due to limited data, acoustic shadows, and speckle noise. Therefore, constructing a universal framework for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lingyu Chen , Yawen Zeng , Yue Wang , Peng Wan , Guo-chen Ning , Hongen Liao , Daoqiang Zhang , Fang Chen

We focus on multi-domain Neural Machine Translation, with the goal of developing efficient models which can handle data from various domains seen during training and are robust to domains unseen during training. We hypothesize that Sparse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Nadezhda Chirkova , Vassilina Nikoulina , Jean-Luc Meunier , Alexandre Bérard

In recent years, various methods have been proposed for mesh analysis, each offering distinct advantages and often excelling on different object classes. We present a novel Mixture of Experts (MoE) framework designed to harness the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Amir Belder , Ayellet Tal

Complex electromagnetic interference increasingly compromises Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), threatening the reliability of Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN). Although deep learning has advanced interference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhihan Zeng , Yang Zhao , Kaihe Wang , Dusit Niyato , Yue Xiu , Lu Chen , Zhongpei Zhang , Ning Wei