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While the basic principles and limitations of conventional solar cells are well understood, relatively little attention has gone toward maximizing the potential efficiency of photovoltaic devices based on shift currents. In this work, we…
Parallel-elastic joints can improve the efficiency and strength of robots by assisting the actuators with additional torques. For these benefits to be realized, a spring needs to be carefully designed. However, designing robots is an…
A novel parallel plate model is proposed that divided the electron cloud into three parts at saturation, and it is studied in detail using both an analytical approach and PIC (Particle In Cell) code simulations. As one part of the electron…
Semiconductor microelectronics are emerging as a powerful tool for building smart, autonomous robots too small to see with the naked eye. Yet a number of existing microrobot platforms, despite significant advantages in speed, robustness,…
This report details the design and development of a compact high-voltage functional electrical stimulation (FES) device. Unlike conventional FES systems, the proposed design prioritizes user comfort by leveraging rapid switching times to…
We outline a basic strategy of how self-propulsion can be used to improve the yield of a typical colloidal self-assembly process. The success of this approach is predicated on the thoughtful design of the colloidal building block as well as…
There were designed and successfully tested at Fermilab several high temperature superconducting (HTS) model magnets for particle accelerators. Some of them worked in a persistent current mode continuously generating magnetic field in the…
The majority of experimental realizations of single-electron sources rely on the periodic manipulation of the tunnel junctions through their gate voltages, and thus require a high level of control over the system. To circumvent the…
This course introduces conventional magnets used in particle accelerators, focusing on both normal-conducting copper coil magnets and permanent magnets (PMs). It covers magnet classification, design principles, material selection, and…
We propose a new efficient permanent magnet, SmCoNiFe3, that is a breakthrough development of the well-known SmCo5 prototype. More modern neodymium magnets of the Nd-Fe-B type have an advantage over SmCo5 because of their greater maximum…
Laser wakefield acceleration, characterized by the extremely high electric field gradient exceeding 100GV/m, is regarded as a compact and cost affordable technology for the next generation of particle colliders and light sources. However,…
An electron lens is planned for the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator as a nonlinear element for integrable dynamics, as an electron cooler, and as an electron trap to study space-charge compensation in rings. We present the main…
Femtosecond electron bunches with keV energies and eV energy spread are needed by condensed matter physicists to resolve state transitions in carbon nanotubes, molecular structures, organic salts, and charge density wave materials. These…
Recent advances in microtechnology allow realization of planar microcoils. These components are integrated in MEMS as magnetic sensor or actuator. In the latter case, it is necessary to maximize the effective magnetic field which is…
Recent research has indicated that introducing impurities that increase the resistivity of Pt can enhance the efficiency of the spin Hall torque it generates. Here we directly demonstrate the usefulness of this strategy by fabricating…
Over the last decade, external seeded free electron lasers (FELs) have achieved significant advancements across various disciplines, progressively establishing themselves as indispensable tools in fields ranging from fundamental science to…
Modern wind turbine control algorithms typically utilize rotor effective wind speed measured from an anemometer on the turbine's nacelle. Unfortunately, the measured wind speed from such a single measurement point does not give a good…
The present study presents a new micro electromagnetic actuator utilizing a PDMS membrane with a magnet. The actuator is integrated with micro coils to electromagnetically actuate the membrane and results in a large deflection. The micro…
Thrust measurements were performed on a coil made of YBa2Cu3O7-d coated conductor acting as the excitation system of a single-sided linear synchronous motor. The superconducting coil was a single pancake in the shape of a racetrack with 100…
A klystron beam focusing system using permanent magnets, which increases reliability in comparison with electromagnet focusing system, is reported. A prototype model has been designed and fabricated for a 1.3 GHz, 800 kW klystron for…