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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) models are critically undermined by citation hallucinations, a deceptive failure where a model cites a source that fails to support its claim. While existing work attributes hallucination to a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Maxime Dassen , Rebecca Kotula , Kenton Murray , Andrew Yates , Dawn Lawrie , Efsun Kayi , James Mayfield , Kevin Duh

Large Language Models (LLMs), when used for conditional text generation, often produce hallucinations, i.e., information that is unfaithful or not grounded in the input context. This issue arises in typical conditional text generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Song Duong , Florian Le Bronnec , Alexandre Allauzen , Vincent Guigue , Alberto Lumbreras , Laure Soulier , Patrick Gallinari

A prominent weakness of modern language models (LMs) is their tendency to generate factually incorrect text, which hinders their usability. A natural question is whether such factual errors can be detected automatically. Inspired by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Roi Cohen , May Hamri , Mor Geva , Amir Globerson

Although text-to-audio generation has made remarkable progress in realism and diversity, the development of evaluation metrics has not kept pace. Widely-adopted approaches, typically based on embedding similarity like CLAPScore, effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Chun-Yi Kuan , Kai-Wei Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Hallucination is a well-known phenomenon in text generated by large language models (LLMs). The existence of hallucinatory responses is found in almost all application scenarios e.g., summarization, question-answering (QA) etc. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mobashir Sadat , Zhengyu Zhou , Lukas Lange , Jun Araki , Arsalan Gundroo , Bingqing Wang , Rakesh R Menon , Md Rizwan Parvez , Zhe Feng

Controllable video generation has emerged as a versatile tool for autonomous driving, enabling realistic synthesis of traffic scenarios. However, existing methods depend on control signals at inference time to guide the generative model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Mirlan Karimov , Teodora Spasojevic , Markus Braun , Julian Wiederer , Vasileios Belagiannis , Marc Pollefeys

Neural abstractive summarization models are prone to generate summaries which are factually inconsistent with their source documents. Previous work has introduced the task of recognizing such factual inconsistency as a downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Prasetya Ajie Utama , Joshua Bambrick , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Iryna Gurevych

A key challenge for abstractive summarization is ensuring factual consistency of the generated summary with respect to the original document. For example, state-of-the-art models trained on existing datasets exhibit entity hallucination,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Feng Nan , Ramesh Nallapati , Zhiguo Wang , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , Henghui Zhu , Dejiao Zhang , Kathleen McKeown , Bing Xiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinated content, posing significant challenges for applications where factuality is crucial. While existing hallucination detection methods typically operate at the sentence level or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Albert Sawczyn , Jakub Binkowski , Denis Janiak , Bogdan Gabrys , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Text-based explainable recommendation aims to generate natural-language explanations that justify item recommendations, to improve user trust and system transparency. Although recent advances leverage LLMs to produce fluent outputs, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ben Kabongo , Vincent Guigue

Automated fact checking systems have been proposed that quickly provide veracity prediction at scale to mitigate the negative influence of fake news on people and on public opinion. However, most studies focus on veracity classifiers of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Shih-Chieh Dai , Yi-Li Hsu , Aiping Xiong , Lun-Wei Ku

Recent pre-trained abstractive summarization systems have started to achieve credible performance, but a major barrier to their use in practice is their propensity to output summaries that are not faithful to the input and that contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Tanya Goyal , Greg Durrett

Hallucinated outputs from large language models (LLMs) pose risks in the medical domain, especially for lay audiences making health-related decisions. Existing automatic factual consistency evaluation methods, such as entailment- and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhiwen You , Yue Guo

Automated fact-checking systems often struggle with trustworthiness, as their generated explanations can include hallucinations. In this work, we explore evidence attribution for fact-checking explanation generation. We introduce a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Rui Xing , Timothy Baldwin , Jey Han Lau

Despite significant progress has been achieved in text summarization, factual inconsistency in generated summaries still severely limits its practical applications. Among the key factors to ensure factual consistency, a reliable automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Yuexiang Xie , Fei Sun , Yang Deng , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

In this paper, we address the hallucination problem commonly found in natural language generation tasks. Language models often generate fluent and convincing content but can lack consistency with the provided source, resulting in potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Wei-Lin Chen , Cheng-Kuang Wu , Hsin-Hsi Chen , Chung-Chi Chen

Generative AI models face the challenge of hallucinations that can undermine users' trust in such systems. We approach the problem of conversational information seeking as a two-step process, where relevant passages in a corpus are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Weronika Łajewska , Krisztian Balog

Currently used metrics for assessing summarization algorithms do not account for whether summaries are factually consistent with source documents. We propose a weakly-supervised, model-based approach for verifying factual consistency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Wojciech Kryściński , Bryan McCann , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Benchmarking modern large language models (LLMs) on complex and realistic tasks is critical to advancing their development. In this work, we evaluate the factual accuracy and citation performance of state-of-the-art LLMs on the task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Maya Patel , Aditi Anand

Neural knowledge-grounded generative models for dialogue often produce content that is factually inconsistent with the knowledge they rely on, making them unreliable and limiting their applicability. Inspired by recent work on evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Or Honovich , Leshem Choshen , Roee Aharoni , Ella Neeman , Idan Szpektor , Omri Abend