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Clinical time-series learning is routinely constrained by small, heterogeneous cohorts and protocol drift, while its downstream use spans both classification (e.g., pathology diagnosis) and regression (e.g., temporal forecasting). These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sharmita Dey , Diego Paez-Granados

Recent work on time-series models has leveraged self-supervised training to learn meaningful features and patterns in order to improve performance on downstream tasks and generalize to unseen modalities. While these pretraining methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Paul Quinlan , Qingguo Li , Xiaodan Zhu

We introduce Chronos, a simple yet effective framework for pretrained probabilistic time series models. Chronos tokenizes time series values using scaling and quantization into a fixed vocabulary and trains existing transformer-based…

Over the past decade, Time Series Classification (TSC) has gained an increasing attention. While various methods were explored, deep learning - particularly through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-stands out as an effective approach.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Ali Ismail-Fawaz , Maxime Devanne , Stefano Berretti , Jonathan Weber , Germain Forestier

Time series analysis is crucial in diverse scenarios. Beyond forecasting, considerable real-world tasks are categorized into classification, imputation, and anomaly detection, underscoring different capabilities termed time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Haoran Zhang , Yong Liu , Yunzhong Qiu , Haixuan Liu , Zhongyi Pei , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

The ubiquity of time series data creates a strong demand for general-purpose foundation models, yet developing them for classification remains a significant challenge, largely due to the high cost of labeled data. Foundation models capable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Chin-Chia Michael Yeh , Uday Singh Saini , Junpeng Wang , Xin Dai , Xiran Fan , Jiarui Sun , Yujie Fan , Yan Zheng

Time series classification is an important problem in real world. Due to its non-stationary property that the distribution changes over time, it remains challenging to build models for generalization to unseen distributions. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Wang Lu , Jindong Wang , Xinwei Sun , Yiqiang Chen , Xing Xie

Accurate time series forecasting is a highly valuable endeavour with applications across many industries. Despite recent deep learning advancements, increased model complexity, and larger model sizes, many state-of-the-art models often…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen significant use in domains such as natural language processing and computer vision. Going beyond text, image and graphics, LLMs present a significant potential for analysis of time series data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Xiyuan Zhang , Ranak Roy Chowdhury , Rajesh K. Gupta , Jingbo Shang

Time series analysis has proven to be a powerful method to characterize several phenomena in biology, neuroscience and economics, and to understand some of their underlying dynamical features. Despite a plethora of methods have been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-03-01 Andrea Santoro , Federico Battiston , Giovanni Petri , Enrico Amico

Tokenization and transfer learning are two critical components in building state of the art time series foundation models for forecasting. In this work, we systematically study the effect of tokenizer design, specifically scaling and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Alexis Roger , Gwen Legate , Kashif Rasul , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Irina Rish

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for time series analytics, leveraging their massive parameters and the shared sequential nature of textual and time series data. However, a cross-modality gap exists between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Chenxi Liu , Hao Miao , Cheng Long , Yan Zhao , Ziyue Li , Panos Kalnis

Out-of-Domain (OOD) generalization is the ability of a model trained on one or more domains to generalize to unseen domains. In the ImageNet era of computer vision, evaluation sets for measuring a model's OOD performance were designed to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Roland S. Zimmermann , Thaddäus Wiedemer , Evgenia Rusak , Attila Juhos , Matthias Bethge , Wieland Brendel

Domain generalization (DG) is proposed to deal with the issue of domain shift, which occurs when statistical differences exist between source and target domains. However, most current methods do not account for a common realistic scenario…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Xiran Wang , Jian Zhang , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi

Transparent models, which provide inherently interpretable predictions, are receiving significant attention in high-stakes domains. However, despite much real-world data being collected as time series, there is a lack of studies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Minkyu Kim , Suan Lee , Jinho Kim

Pre-trained models exhibit strong generalization to various downstream tasks. However, given the numerous models available in the model hub, identifying the most suitable one by individually fine-tuning is time-consuming. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tengxue Zhang , Biao Ouyang , Yang Shu , Xinyang Chen , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang

Time-series representation learning can extract representations from data with temporal dynamics and sparse labels. When labeled data are sparse but unlabeled data are abundant, contrastive learning, i.e., a framework to learn a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Heejeong Choi , Pilsung Kang

Foundation models have recently gained attention within the field of machine learning thanks to its efficiency in broad data processing. While researchers had attempted to extend this success to time series models, the main challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Trang H. Tran , Lam M. Nguyen , Kyongmin Yeo , Nam Nguyen , Roman Vaculin

While many advances in time series models focus exclusively on numerical data, research on multimodal time series, particularly those involving contextual textual information, remains in its infancy. With recent progress in large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zihao Li , Xiao Lin , Zhining Liu , Jiaru Zou , Ziwei Wu , Lecheng Zheng , Dongqi Fu , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Hanghang Tong , Jingrui He

The proliferation of edge devices has generated an unprecedented volume of time series data across different domains, motivating various well-customized methods. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm for time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Chenxi Liu , Shaowen Zhou , Qianxiong Xu , Hao Miao , Cheng Long , Ziyue Li , Rui Zhao