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Topological Data Analysis (TDA) has emerged as a powerful tool for extracting meaningful features from complex data structures, driving significant advancements in fields such as neuroscience, biology, machine learning, and financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 ZiXin Lin , Nur Fariha Syaqina Zulkepli

Time series data, defined by equally spaced points over time, is essential in fields like medicine, telecommunications, and energy. Analyzing it involves tasks such as classification, clustering, prototyping, and regression. Classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ali Ismail-Fawaz

Time series has been left behind in the era of pre-training and transfer learning. While research in the fields of natural language processing and computer vision are enjoying progressively larger datasets to train massive models, the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Gerald Woo , Chenghao Liu , Akshat Kumar , Doyen Sahoo

This paper presents $\mathbf{OLinear}$, a $\mathbf{linear}$-based multivariate time series forecasting model that operates in an $\mathbf{o}$rthogonally transformed domain. Recent forecasting models typically adopt the temporal forecast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenzhen Yue , Yong Liu , Haoxuan Li , Hao Wang , Xianghua Ying , Ruohao Guo , Bowei Xing , Ji Shi

With the rise of large language models, the paradigm of training foundation models with massive parameter counts on vast datasets has been adopted in multiple domains to achieve remarkable success. Time series foundation models represent a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yi Xie , Yun Xiong , Zejian Shi , Hao Niu , Zhengfu Liu

Continuous-time series is essential for different modern application areas, e.g. healthcare, automobile, energy, finance, Internet of things (IoT) and other related areas. Different application needs to process as well as analyse a massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mansura Habiba , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Mehrdad Maleki

Machine learning models often fail to generalize well under distributional shifts. Understanding and overcoming these failures have led to a research field of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization. Despite being extensively studied for…

Domain generalization aims to solve the challenge of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization by leveraging common knowledge learned from multiple training domains to generalize to unseen test domains. To accurately evaluate the OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Han Yu , Xingxuan Zhang , Renzhe Xu , Jiashuo Liu , Yue He , Peng Cui

Time series frequently manifest distribution shifts, diverse latent features, and non-stationary learning dynamics, particularly in open and evolving environments. These characteristics pose significant challenges for out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xin Wu , Fei Teng , Xingwang Li , Ji Zhang , Tianrui Li , Qiang Duan

Time series pre-training has recently garnered wide attention for its potential to reduce labeling expenses and benefit various downstream tasks. Prior methods are mainly based on pre-training techniques well-acknowledged in vision or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jiaxiang Dong , Haixu Wu , Yuxuan Wang , Yunzhong Qiu , Li Zhang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Time series analysis is essential for comprehending the complexities inherent in various realworld systems and applications. Although large language models (LLMs) have recently made significant strides, the development of artificial general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ming Jin , Yifan Zhang , Wei Chen , Kexin Zhang , Yuxuan Liang , Bin Yang , Jindong Wang , Shirui Pan , Qingsong Wen

Foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), have revolutionized text and video processing, yet time series data presents distinct challenges for such approaches due to domain-specific features such as missing values,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Defu Cao , Wen Ye , Yizhou Zhang , Yan Liu

Notable progress has been made in generalist medical large language models across various healthcare areas. However, large-scale modeling of in-hospital time series data - such as vital signs, lab results, and treatments in critical care -…

Time series analysis is pivotal in domains like financial forecasting and biomedical monitoring, yet traditional methods are constrained by limited nonlinear feature representation and long-term dependency capture. The emergence of Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Feifei Shi , Xueyan Yin , Kang Wang , Wanyu Tu , Qifu Sun , Huansheng Ning

Time series data are inherently functions of time, yet current transformers often learn time series by modeling them as mere concatenations of time periods, overlooking their functional properties. In this work, we propose a novel objective…

Foundation models are pretrained on large-scale corpora to learn generalizable patterns across domains and tasks -- such as contours, textures, and edges in images, or tokens and sentences in text. In contrast, discovering such generalities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zehong Wang , Zheyuan Zhang , Tianyi Ma , Nitesh V Chawla , Chuxu Zhang , Yanfang Ye

Deep Learning has been successfully applied to many application domains, yet its advantages have been slow to emerge for time series forecasting. For example, in the well-known Makridakis (M) Competitions, hybrids of traditional statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 John A. Miller , Mohammed Aldosari , Farah Saeed , Nasid Habib Barna , Subas Rana , I. Budak Arpinar , Ninghao Liu

Conventional time-series forecasting methods typically aim to minimize overall prediction error, without accounting for the varying importance of different forecast ranges in downstream applications. We propose a training methodology that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Luca-Andrei Fechete , Mohamed Sana , Fadhel Ayed , Nicola Piovesan , Wenjie Li , Antonio De Domenico , Tareq Si Salem

Temporal data, notably time series and spatio-temporal data, are prevalent in real-world applications. They capture dynamic system measurements and are produced in vast quantities by both physical and virtual sensors. Analyzing these data…

We propose a task-agnostic framework for multimodal fusion of time series and single timestamp images, enabling cross-modal generation and robust downstream performance. Our approach explores deterministic and learned strategies for time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Gianfranco Basile , Johannes Jakubik , Benedikt Blumenstiel , Thomas Brunschwiler , Juan Bernabe Moreno